Known as the Mother of Cobol, Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper yog tus thawj coj hauv computer, tub ceev xwm tub rog, tus kws qhia ntawv, tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab tus poj niam tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv computer science. Nws txoj kev paub, kev kawm, kev ua siab ntev, thiab kev paub dhau los ua rau nws lees paub thoob ntiaj teb.
Leej twg yog Grace Hopper? Xyoo Tshiab
Yug thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1906 hauv New York City, Grace Brewster Murray Hopper yog W alter Fletcher Murray thiab Mary Campbell Van Horne tus ntxhais. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, nws tau kawm nyob rau hauv private tsev kawm ntawv thiab pom ib tug thaum ntxov txaus siab rau engineering.
Nws kawm tiav Phi Beta Kappa los ntawm Vassar College hauv 1928 nrog qib kawm lej thiab physics. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais nws daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev ua lej los ntawm Yale hauv xyoo 1930 thiab, ib xyoos tom qab, pib qhia tib yam kev kawm hauv Vassar College. Nws ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm kev kawm hauv 1934 nrog nws Ph. D. hauv lej. Tom qab ntawd hauv lub neej, nws tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv nws tus kheej thiab tus kws qhia ntawv tshaj lij hauv computer science.
"Rau kuv, programming yog ntau tshaj li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab. Nws kuj yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm loj heev hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev paub."
Rear Admiral Hopper's Naval Career
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Grace Murray Hopper tau sim ua tub rog, tab sis lawv tsis lees paub nws vim nws muaj hnub nyoog (34) thiab qhov siab me. Tom qab ntawd nws tau so haujlwm ntawm Vassar College los koom nrog United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve) hu ua WAVES.
Tom qab kev cob qhia ntawm Naval Reserve Midshipmen's School hauv Massachusetts, nws kawm tiav thawj zaug hauv nws chav kawm. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug xa mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Harvard University ua tus thawj coj, qib qis.
Nws tuav nws txoj kev koom tes nrog Naval Reserve rau tag nrho nws lub neej, txawm tias nws tau koom tes nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias Navy yeej tsis pom zoo nws hloov mus rau Navy dhau qhov Reserve, nws tau txais tus thawj tswj hwm qib hauv xyoo 1966, tus thawj coj hauv xyoo 1973, commodore hauv 1983, thiab rear admiral hauv 1985.
“Kev coj noj coj ua yog ob txoj hauv kev, kev ncaj ncees nce thiab kev ncaj ncees. hwm tus thawj coj; saib xyuas ib pab neeg."
Nyob rau xyoo 1987, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis yog tub rog kho kom zoo nkauj.
Grace Hopper Paub Txog Dab Tsi?
Thaum nrog Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Nkoj Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Harvard, Hopper tau ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus neeg tho computer, Howard Aiken. Lub taub hau los ntawm Aiken, pab pawg tsim Mark I computer, tseem hu ua Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator. Hopper tau ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mark I thiab sau 500+ nplooj ntawv cov neeg siv phau ntawv rau lub khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob thaum ntxov.
Nws thiab pab pawg suav tau hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsov rog. Cov tub rog siv lawv rau kev suav cov foob pob hluav taws trajectories, calibrating minesweepers, thiab tsim ntau lub rooj rau phom tshiab.
Mark II thiab Mark III sai sai ua raws. Raws li zaj dab neeg mus, pab neeg tau pom tus npauj nyob hauv Mark II ib hmos hauv xyoo 1947, ua rau Hopper yog thawj tus hu rau lub khoos phis tawj teeb meem "bug." Hopper txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm nrog Harvard Computation Lab mus txog xyoo 1949.
Nws tom qab ntawd koom nrog Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, tom qab ntawd tau los ntawm Remington Rand. Nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia lej laus hauv pab pawg tsim UNIVAC I, thawj qhov loj, txhua lub khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob los ntaus lub khw hauv xyoo 1950.
"Txij thaum ntawd los, thaum twg muaj teeb meem nrog lub computer, peb hais tias nws muaj kab mob hauv nws."
Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas Hopper tau hais lus tshiab hauv computer. Nws ntseeg tias tib neeg yuav siv ntau hom lus programming siv cov lus Askiv es tsis yog cov cim xwb. Thaum lub tuam txhab tso nws cov lus pom zoo rau ob peb xyoos, Hopper tsis tso nws lub tswv yim thiab tsim thawj lub computer lus compiler.
Xyoo 1952, thawj qhov kev pabcuam tau yug los thiab hu ua A-0. Qhov kev pab cuam no, uas ua haujlwm raws li kev sib txuas, muab cov programmers muaj peev xwm sau cov kev pab cuam rau ntau lub khoos phis tawj es tsis txhob ntawm tus kheej. Thiab lub compiler yeej "txhais lej cim rau hauv tshuab code."
"Lawv hais rau kuv lub computer tsuas yog ua lej lej xwb."
Nruab nrab xyoo 1954 thiab 1955 tuaj Flow-Matic, ib hom lus sau ua ke uas siv cov lus Askiv raws li cov lus txib. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau muaj rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 1958. Flow-Matic yog lub tswv yim uas zoo li Cobol.
Defined in 1959, Cobol (hom lag luam-oriented language) yog ib hom lus programming rau cov ntaub ntawv processors uas peb tseem siv niaj hnub no. Hopper tau txhawb nqa cov lus no rau ob qho tib si tub rog thiab ntiav cov haujlwm thoob plaws xyoo 1960s. Los ntawm xyoo 1970, Cobol yog cov lus siv computer siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Hopper tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Navy Programming Languages Group, tsim software validation rau Cobol, thiab cov compiler yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev cai rau tag nrho Navy.
Nyob rau xyoo 1970, nws tau tsim cov qauv rau kev sim tshuab computer thiab cov khoom siv. Lub National Bureau of Standards (tam sim no National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)) tau txais cov kev xeem no.
"Cov lus txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog, 'Peb ib txwm ua li no.'"
Lub Sijhawm Ntawm Txoj Cai
1906: Yug hauv New York City.
1928: Kawm tiav Phi Beta Kappa los ntawm Vassar College.
1930: Tau txais nws tus tswv hauv kev ua lej los ntawm Yale University thiab tau sib yuav New York University tus xibfwb Vincent Foster Hopper.
1931: Pib qhia lej ntawm Vassar College.
1934: Ua tiav nws Ph. D. hauv lej los ntawm Yale University.
1943: Koom nrog US Naval Reserve (WAVES).
1944: Thawj coj ua tus thawj coj, qib qis, thiab raug xa mus rau Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Harvard University.
1945: Sib nrauj ntawm nws tus txiv, Vincent Foster Hopper.
1949: Koom nrog Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation ua tus lej laus.
1952: Tsim thawj lub computer lus compiler.
1954: Tsim nrog nws pab neeg ua lej-Matic thiab Flow-Matic programming lus.
1959: txhais cov lus Cobol programming thiab tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawm Moore Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Engineering ntawm University of Pennsylvania.
1966: Tau txais qib ntawm tus thawj coj thiab so haujlwm ntawm Naval Reserve.
1967, 1971, 1972: Rov qab los ua haujlwm hauv Naval Reserve, so haujlwm ib zaug ntxiv thiab rov qab mus ua haujlwm dua.
"Kuv zoo li yuav so haujlwm ntau."
1972 - 1978: Ua tus kws qhia ntawv tshaj lij ntawm George Washington University.
1973: Tau txais qib ntawm tus thawj coj hauv Naval Reserve thiab thawj tus neeg Asmeskas thiab poj niam tau raug hu ua Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm British Computer Society.
1983: Tau txais commodore qib hauv Naval Reserve los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm tshwj xeeb los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Ronald Reagan.
1985: Tau txais qib ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj hauv qab hauv Naval Reserve.
1986 - 1987: Retired from the Naval Reserve for good and was warded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal.
1988: Tau txais National Medal of Technology.
1991: Named a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1992, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 85 xyoos, Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper tau tas sim neej nyob rau hauv nws pw tsaug zog los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab tau pw so nrog tag nrho cov tub rog honors nyob rau hauv Arlington National Cemetery. Nws tsis muaj menyuam. Tom qab nws dhau mus, nws tau txais Thawj Tswj Hwm Medal ntawm Kev ywj pheej los lees paub nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev lag luam computer science.
Ua tsaug, Grace Murray Hopper
Hais txog Cobol ib leeg, kev hloov kho rau nws ntau xyoo dhau los tau ua rau cov khoom siv taw qhia siv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom xws li IBM thiab Fujitsu. Cov kev pab cuam Cobol tseem tab tom khiav ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm xws li Unix thiab Windows. Thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv lus Askiv raws li cov lus txib hauv computer tau cuam tshuam tsis yog cov lus programming nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem yog cov neeg uas sau lawv thiab siv lawv txhua hnub.
“Lub nkoj hauv chaw nres nkoj muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog lub nkoj rau. Nkoj tawm mus rau hiav txwv thiab ua tej yam tshiab."
Yog tias tsis muaj kev koom tes los ntawm Grace Murray Hopper, peb yuav tsis nyob qhov twg niaj hnub no hauv ntiaj teb kev siv tshuab. Ua tsaug, Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper.
Nyeem ntxiv txog lwm cov poj niam muaj hwj chim hauv thev naus laus zis nrog peb cov npe ntawm cov poj niam tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm video games.
