Nws tuaj yeem tsis meej pem xav txog qhov chaw nyob IP yog lwm yam tsis yog tsuas yog ib txoj hlua sib txuas ntawm cov lej siv hauv internet thiab hauv zos network. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ntau qhov tshwm sim tom qab los muab thiab txwv IP chaw nyob.
IP chav kawm yog siv los pab hauv kev muab IP chaw nyob rau cov tes hauj lwm uas muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Qhov chaw IPv4 IP chaw nyob tuaj yeem faib ua tsib chav nyob hu ua Chav A, B, C, D, thiab E.
Txhua tus IP chav kawm muaj qhov sib txuas sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw nyob IPv4 tag nrho. Ib chav kawm no tsuas yog tshwj tseg rau cov chaw nyob multicast nkaus xwb, uas yog hom kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau tshaj ib lub khoos phis tawj tau hais txog cov ntaub ntawv ib zaug.
Tus IP Chaw Nyob thiab Tus lej
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm plaub qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw nyob IPv4 txiav txim siab nws cov chav kawm. Piv txwv li, txhua qhov chaw nyob hauv chav kawm C muaj peb qhov seem seem rau 110, tab sis txhua qhov seem 29 khoom yuav raug teeb tsa rau 0 lossis 1 ntawm nws tus kheej (raws li sawv cev los ntawm x hauv cov haujlwm me ntsis):
110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia txog tus IP chaw nyob qhov tseem ceeb thiab thaj tsam rau txhua chav kawm. Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov chaw nyob IP raug cais tawm ntawm Chav E rau cov laj thawj tshwj xeeb raws li tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
| Class | pib ntawm Range | Txhua Chaw Nyob | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2, 147, 483, 648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1, 073, 741, 824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536, 870, 912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268, 435, 456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268, 435, 456 |
IP Chaw Nyob Chav E thiab Txwv Kev Tshaj Tawm
Tus qauv IPv4 kev sib txuas lus txhais cov chav kawm E chaw nyob raws li khaws tseg, txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau ntawm IP network. Qee lub koom haum tshawb fawb siv Class E chaw nyob rau kev sim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv uas sim siv cov chaw nyob hauv is taws nem yuav tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus zoo vim tias cov khoom siv tsis tau tsim los ua cov chaw nyob.
Ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm tus IP chaw nyob yog qhov chaw nyob txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm 255.255.255.255. Kev tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj yuav xa cov lus los ntawm ib tus xa mus rau ntau tus neeg tau txais. Cov neeg xa xov ncaj qha rau IP tshaj tawm rau 255.255.255.255 txhawm rau qhia tag nrho lwm cov ntawm hauv cheeb tsam network yuav tsum khaws cov lus ntawd. Qhov kev tshaj tawm no yog "tso" nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis ncav cuag txhua qhov ntawm hauv internet; tsuas yog cov nodes ntawm LAN.
Internet Protocol officially reserves tag nrho cov chaw nyob los ntawm 255.0.0.0 txog 255.255.255.255 rau kev tshaj tawm, thiab ntau qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob suav tias yog ib feem ntawm Chav Kawm E ib txwm.
IP Chaw Nyob Chav D thiab Multicast
Tus qauv IPv4 kev sib txuas lus txhais cov chaw nyob hauv chav kawm D raws li tshwj tseg rau multicast. Multicast yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv Internet raws tu qauv rau kev txhais cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab xa cov lus tsuas yog rau cov pab pawg ntawd tsis yog rau txhua lub cuab yeej ntawm LAN (tshaj tawm) lossis tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lwm qhov (unicast).
Multicast feem ntau yog siv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb network. Ib yam li Class E, Class D chaw nyob yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los ntawm cov nodes zoo tib yam hauv internet.
