Key Takeaways
- Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom ib txoj hauv kev nthuav dav DNA los tuav cov ntaub ntawv.
- Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog siv DNA rau lub computer cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia.
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Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv DNA tuaj yeem tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab ntau txhiab xyoo.
Tej zaum koj yuav muaj ib hnub tuaj yeem hloov koj lub hard drive nrog lub cuab yeej cia ua los ntawm DNA, thiab nws tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev mus ntev los khaws cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los nthuav DNA cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia los ntawm kev nthuav dav cov tsiaj ntawv DNA. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev siv dav dav siv DNA los tuav cov ntaub ntawv hauv computer.
"DNA yog 1 lab lub sij hawm denser tshaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv digital khaws cia," Luis Ceze, kws tshawb fawb hauv computer thiab engineering kws tshawb fawb DNA khaws cia ntawm University of Washington, hais rau Lifewire hauv kev xam phaj email.
Kev Cia Siab Ntev
DNA muaj plaub yam tshuaj-adenine, guanine, cytosine, thiab thymine-feem ntau raug xa mus los ntawm lub npe A, G, C, thiab T. Lawv tsim cov famed ob chav helix rau hauv kev sib txuas uas cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los yog ua ntu zus. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav dav DNA cov peev txheej uas twb muaj lawm rau kev khaws ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ntxiv xya lub nucleobases hluavtaws rau plaub tsab ntawv uas twb muaj lawm.
"Xav txog cov tsiaj ntawv Askiv," Kasra Tabatabaei, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Beckman Institute for Advanced Science thiab Technology thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, tau hais hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm. "Yog tias koj tsuas muaj plaub tsab ntawv los siv, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau lo lus. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsiaj ntawv tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov lus tsis muaj kev sib txuas. Qhov ntawd zoo ib yam nrog DNA. Tsis txhob hloov cov xoom thiab ib tus mus rau A, G, C, thiab T, peb tuaj yeem hloov cov xoom thiab ib qho rau A, G, C, T, thiab xya tsab ntawv tshiab hauv cov tsiaj ntawv khaws cia."
Pab pawg tshawb fawb yog thawj zaug siv tshuaj hloov kho nucleotides rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv DNA, tab sis lawv yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los txhais nws. Lawv tau ua ke nrog kev kawm tshuab thiab kev txawj ntse (AI) los tsim cov txheej txheem DNA nyeem cov txheej txheem los txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj hloov kho los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim.
"Peb tau sim 77 qhov sib txawv ntawm 11 nucleotides, thiab peb txoj kev tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm lawv txhua tus zoo kawg nkaus," Chao Pan, tus tub kawm tiav hauv University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm qhov no kawm, hais hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm. "Lub hauv paus kev kawm tob uas yog ib feem ntawm peb txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov nucleotides sib txawv yog universal, uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab dav dav ntawm peb txoj hauv kev rau ntau lwm daim ntawv thov."
Ib qho taw qhia hauv DNA qhov kev nyiam raws li qhov nruab nrab cia yog nws cov kav ntev. "Xav txog 1000 xyoo-nco txog DNA thaum ub uas tau pom," Ceze hais.
DNA yuav tsis dhau los.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem ua raws cov pob txha pob txha los nthuav tawm cov keeb kwm caj ces thiab ua pa lub neej mus rau qhov chaw ploj mus ntev.
"Lub sijhawm thaum peb tab tom ntsib kev nyuaj ntawm huab cua uas tsis tau muaj dhau los, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ruaj khov tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau," Olgica Milenkovic, tus xibfwb ntawm hluav taws xob thiab khoos phis tawj engineering thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tau hais hauv xov xwm tawm. "Tshiab, ntsuab technologies rau DNA kaw tau tshwm sim uas yuav ua rau molecular cia tseem ceeb dua yav tom ntej."
khaws cia txhua yam khoom
DNA tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los khaws tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv gereoning. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no kwv yees tias xyoo 2020, tib neeg tsim cov ntaub ntawv sib npaug rau 400 billion terabytes lossis 40 'shoeboxes' ntawm DNA cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia.
Kev xyaum khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm DNA tau los ze rau qhov tseeb. "Rau khaws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb me me, DNA siv tau hnub no-xav tias 100s ntawm MBs," Ceze hais.
Kaum tsib lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis thiab cov tsev haujlwm xyoo tas los tau tsim kev sib koom tes los txhawb nqa DNA cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. Microsoft tau hais tias nws tau ua kom pom lub tshuab ua haujlwm tag nrho muaj peev xwm khaws cia thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm DNA; lub tuam txhab kuj tau khaws 1GB ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv DNA thiab rov qab tau nws.
Tab sis Ceze kwv yees tias nws yuav yog tsib mus rau 10 xyoo ua ntej DNA tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb xws li kho qhov muag kho qhov muag. Peb lub xyoos dhau los no tau pom qhov tawg ntawm kev txaus siab hauv thev naus laus zis, "DNA yuav tsis dhau los," Ceze hais. "Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua, 'uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ruaj ntseg. [Tab sis] cov no yog cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia ntev."
