Is Taws Nem yog lub ntiaj teb kev sib txuas ntawm cov network me me thiab khoos phis tawj. Lub Ntiaj Teb Wide Web, lossis lub vev xaib luv luv, yog qhov chaw uas cov ntsiab lus digital tau txais kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv internet. Hais lwm txoj kev, lub vev xaib yog ib feem ntawm internet. Yog tias koj yog tus pib tshiab, ntawm no yog saib qee cov ntsiab lus hauv internet thiab lub vev xaib los pab koj kom nkag siab meej dua.
Browser
A browser yog qhov program pub dawb lossis mobile app uas qhia cov nplooj ntawv web, duab, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus hauv online. Nrov web browsers suav nrog Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, thiab Safari, tab sis muaj ntau lwm tus.
Cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem nkag mus rau lub vev xaib los ntawm web browser software, uas suav nrog lossis tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm khoos phis tawj thiab cov khoom siv mobile. Txhua nplooj ntawv lub vev xaib muaj qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb hu ua URL, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov browser qhov chaw nyob bar mus rau qhov chaw ncaj qha mus rau qhov chaw.
Browser software tshwj xeeb yog tsim los hloov HTML thiab XML computer code rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tib neeg nyeem tau.
Web Page
Ib nplooj ntawv web yog qhov koj pom hauv web browser thaum koj nyob hauv internet. Koj nyob ntawm nplooj ntawv web tam sim no. Xav txog lub vev xaib raws li nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv, duab, duab, duab kos, txuas, tshaj tawm, thiab ntau ntxiv ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv koj saib.
Ntau zaus, koj nyem lossis coj mus rhaub rau ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm nplooj ntawv web kom nthuav dav cov ntaub ntawv lossis txav mus rau nplooj ntawv muaj feem cuam tshuam. Nyem qhov txuas, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas tshwm hauv cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, coj koj mus rau nplooj ntawv sib txawv. Yog tias koj xav rov qab mus, siv cov pob xub muab rau lub hom phiaj ntawd.
URL
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) yog qhov web browser chaw nyob ntawm nplooj ntawv internet thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog rau qhov URL, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab bookmark cov nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv web browser.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus URL:
https://www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
hom ntawv no feem ntau luv rau qhov no:
www.examplewebsite.com/mypage
Qee lub sijhawm URLs ntev dua thiab nyuaj dua, tab sis txhua tus ua raws li kev lees paub cov cai rau npe.
URLs muaj peb ntu:
- Protocol: Cov txheej txheem yog qhov xaus ntawm //:. Cov nplooj ntawv web feem ntau siv raws tu qauv http lossis https, tab sis muaj lwm yam kev cai.
- Host: Tus tswv tsev lossis qib siab tshaj sau npe feem ntau xaus rau hauv.com,.net,.edu, lossis.org tab sis kuj tuaj yeem xaus rau ib qho ntawm ntau lwm tus uas muaj tau raug lees paub.
- Filename: Lub npe lossis nplooj npe.
HTTP thiab
HTTP yog lub ntsiab lus rau Hypertext Transfer Protocol-cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus tus qauv ntawm nplooj ntawv web. Thaum nplooj ntawv web muaj cov lus ua ntej, cov kev sib txuas, ntawv nyeem, thiab cov duab yuav tsum ua haujlwm kom raug hauv lub web browser.
HTTPS yog lub ntsiab lus rau Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nplooj ntawv web muaj txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm encryption ntxiv los nkaum koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug thiab passwords los ntawm lwm tus. Thaum twg koj nkag rau hauv koj tus as-qhauj hauv txhab nyiaj hauv online lossis chaw yuav khoom uas koj nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv credit card rau hauv, nrhiav https hauv URL rau kev ruaj ntseg.
HTML and XML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) yog hom lus programming ntawm nplooj ntawv web. HTML txib lub vev xaib los tso saib cov ntawv thiab cov duab hauv ib qho kev zam. Pib cov neeg siv internet tsis tas yuav paub HTML coding kom txaus siab rau cov nplooj ntawv web cov lus programming xa mus rau browsers.
XML yog eXtensible Markup Language, ib tug npawg rau HTML. XML tsom rau kev sau npe thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj ntawv web.
XHTML yog kev sib xyaw ntawm HTML thiab XML.
IP chaw nyob
Koj lub khoos phis tawj thiab txhua yam khoom siv uas txuas rau Is Taws Nem siv Internet raws tu qauv (IP) chaw nyob rau kev txheeb xyuas. Feem ntau, IP chaw nyob raug muab tso cia. Cov pib tshiab feem ntau tsis tas yuav muab tus IP chaw nyob.
Ib tus IP chaw yuav zoo li no:
202.3.104.55
Or, zoo li no:
21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A
Txhua lub khoos phis tawj, smartphone, thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas nkag mus hauv is taws nem tau muab tus IP chaw nyob rau kev taug qab lub hom phiaj. Tej zaum nws yuav yog tus IP chaw nyob mus tas li, lossis tus IP chaw nyob yuav hloov qee zaus, tab sis nws yeej yog tus cim tshwj xeeb.
Txhua qhov koj tab tom nrhiav, thaum twg koj xa email lossis xov xwm tam sim, thiab thaum twg koj rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv, koj tus IP chaw nyob yog qhov sib npaug ntawm daim ntawv tsav tsheb los tswj kev lav phib xaub thiab taug qab.
ISP
Koj xav tau tus neeg muab kev pabcuam hauv internet (ISP) kom nkag tau rau hauv internet. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ISP dawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tsev qiv ntawv, lossis chaw ua haujlwm, lossis koj tuaj yeem them rau ISP ntiag tug hauv tsev. ISP yog lub tuam txhab lossis tsoomfwv lub koomhaum uas ntsaws koj rau hauv internet.
ISP muaj ntau yam kev pabcuam rau ntau tus nqi: kev nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv web, email, web page hosting, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau ISPs muab ntau yam kev sib txuas hauv internet ceev rau tus nqi txhua hli. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv them ntau dua rau kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem nrawm dua yog tias koj nyiam tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis xaiv cov pob qis dua yog tias koj siv internet feem ntau rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab email.
Router
Ib lub router lossis router-modem kev sib xyaw ua ke yog cov khoom siv kho vajtse uas ua haujlwm raws li tus tub ceev xwm tsheb thauj mus los rau cov teeb liab network tuaj txog ntawm koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam los ntawm koj ISP. Ib lub router tuaj yeem xaim lossis wireless lossis ob qho tib si.
Ib lub router muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hackers thiab qhia cov ntsiab lus rau lub khoos phis tawj tshwj xeeb, khoom siv, streaming ntaus ntawv, lossis lub tshuab luam ntawv uas yuav tsum tau txais.
Ntau zaus koj ISP muab lub network router nws nyiam rau koj qhov kev pabcuam hauv internet. Thaum nws ua li ntawd, lub router tau teeb tsa kom tsim nyog. Yog tias koj xaiv siv lwm lub router, tej zaum koj yuav tau sau cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv.
Email yog email. Nws yog kev xa thiab tau txais cov lus sau los ntawm ib qho screen mus rau lwm qhov. Email feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev pabcuam webmail, xws li Gmail lossis Yahoo Mail, lossis ib qho software nruab, xws li Microsoft Outlook lossis Apple Mail.
Cov pib pib pib los ntawm kev tsim ib qho email chaw nyob uas lawv muab rau lawv tsev neeg thiab phooj ywg. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis txwv rau ib qho chaw nyob lossis email kev pabcuam. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntxiv lwm qhov chaw nyob email rau kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev lag luam, lossis kev sib tham hauv zej zog.
Email spam thiab lim
Spam yog lub npe jargon ntawm tsis xav tau thiab tsis thov email. Spam email tuaj nyob rau hauv ob pawg tseem ceeb: kev tshaj tawm siab, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab cov neeg nyiag nkas sim ntxias koj mus rau divulging koj tus password, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai.
Lim yog qhov nrov, tab sis tsis zoo, tiv thaiv spam. Lim yog suav nrog ntau tus neeg siv email. Kev lim dej siv software uas nyeem cov email tuaj rau cov ntsiab lus sib txuas thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm lossis cais cov lus uas zoo li spam. Nrhiav ib qho spam lossis khib nyiab hauv koj lub thawv xa ntawv kom pom cov email raug cais lossis lim tawm.
Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej tiv thaiv cov neeg nyiag nkas uas xav tau koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug, ua rau tsis txaus ntseeg. Koj lub txhab nyiaj yuav tsis xa email rau koj thiab nug koj tus password. Tus khub hauv Nigeria tsis xav tau koj tus lej nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj. Amazon tsis muab daim ntawv pov thawj khoom plig pub dawb $50 rau koj.
Txhua yam uas suab zoo dhau los ua qhov tseeb tej zaum tsis muaj tseeb. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, tsis txhob nyem ib qho txuas hauv email thiab hu rau tus neeg xa ntawv (koj lub txhab nyiaj lossis tus neeg twg) cais rau kev siv tau.
Social Media
Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm yog lo lus dav dav rau txhua lub cuab yeej online uas ua rau cov neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog ntau txhiab tus neeg siv. Facebook thiab Twitter yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw sib tham loj tshaj plaws. LinkedIn yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub vev xaib kev sib raug zoo thiab kev tshaj lij. Lwm qhov chaw nrov xws li YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, thiab Reddit.
Social media sites muab nyiaj pub dawb rau txhua tus. Thaum xaiv cov uas koj nyiam, nug koj cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg uas lawv koom nrog. Txoj kev ntawd, koj tuaj yeem koom nrog ib pab pawg uas koj paub tib neeg.
Raws li txhua yam ntsig txog internet, tiv thaiv koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug thaum koj tso npe rau cov vev xaib. Feem ntau cov chaw tshaj xov xwm muaj ib ntu kev ceev ntiag tug uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv yam uas yuav qhia rau lwm tus neeg siv ntawm lub vev xaib.
E-Commerce
E-lag luam yog kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev lag luam muag thiab yuav hauv online. Txhua hnub, ntau txhiab daus las pauv tes hauv internet thiab lub Ntiaj Teb Wide Web.
Kev yuav khoom hauv Is Taws Nem tau nthuav dav hauv kev muaj koob npe nrog cov neeg siv internet, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khw muag khoom cib thiab mortar thiab cov khw. Txhua lub khw muag khoom muaj npe nrov muaj lub vev xaib uas nthuav tawm thiab muag nws cov khoom. Koom nrog lawv yog kaum ob qhov chaw me me uas muag cov khoom lag luam thiab cov chaw loj heev uas muag txhua yam.
E-lag luam ua haujlwm vim tias tsim nyog tus kheej ntiag tug tuaj yeem paub tseeb los ntawm HTTPS cov nplooj ntawv web uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg uas encrypt cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej thiab vim tias cov lag luam txhim khu kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Is Taws Nem yog qhov nruab nrab kev lag luam thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb.
Thaum yuav khoom hauv Is Taws Nem, koj yuav raug nug kom nkag mus rau daim npav rho nyiaj, cov ntaub ntawv PayPal, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv them nyiaj.
Kev nkag mus thiab kev lees paub
Kev nkag mus yog lej lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom nws zais los ntawm eavesdroppers. Encryption siv cov qauv lej nyuaj los hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug mus rau hauv gobbledygook tsis muaj ntsiab lus uas tsuas yog cov neeg nyeem ntseeg tau tuaj yeem tshem tawm.
Kev nkag mus yog lub hauv paus rau qhov peb siv internet li cas los ua kev lag luam ntseeg siab, xws li kev lag luam hauv online thiab kev yuav daim npav rho nyiaj online. Thaum muaj kev ruaj ntseg encryption nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv banking thiab credit card naj npawb raug khaws cia tus kheej.
Authentication ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag mus. Kev lees paub tseeb yog txoj hauv kev nyuaj uas lub tshuab computer tshawb xyuas tias koj yog leej twg koj hais tias koj yog.
Downloading
Downloading yog ib lo lus dav uas piav qhia txog kev hloov qee yam uas koj pom hauv is taws nem lossis lub Ntiaj Teb Wide Web rau koj lub computer lossis lwm lub cuab yeej. Feem ntau, rub tawm yog txuam nrog cov nkauj, suab paj nruag, software, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tawm. Piv txwv li, tej zaum koj yuav xav rub tawm ib zaj nkauj lossis daim ntawv sim ntawm Microsoft Office.
Qhov loj dua cov ntaub ntawv koj luam, lub download yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua mus rau koj lub computer. Qee qhov downloads siv vib nas this; qee qhov siv sijhawm feeb lossis ntev dua, nyob ntawm koj qhov internet ceev.
Cov nplooj ntawv web uas muaj cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem rub tawm tau feem ntau yog cim meej nrog lub pob Download khawm (lossis qee yam zoo sib xws).
Cloud Computing
Huab suav pib ua ib lo lus los piav txog software uas tau online thiab qiv, tsis yog yuav thiab nruab rau hauv lub computer. Web-based email yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm huab xam. Tus neeg siv email yog khaws cia thiab nkag mus rau hauv huab hauv internet.
huab yog qhov niaj hnub version ntawm 1970s mainframe xam qauv. Raws li ib feem ntawm huab xam qauv yog software raws li kev pabcuam (SaaS). SaaS yog tus qauv ua lag luam uas xav tias tib neeg xav xauj software dua li muaj nws. Nrog lawv cov web browsers, cov neeg siv nkag mus rau huab hauv internet thiab nkag mus rau hauv lawv cov ntawv xauj online ntawm lawv cov software huab.
nce ntxiv, cov kev pabcuam muab huab cia nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau dua ib lub cuab yeej. Nws muaj peev xwm txuag tau cov ntaub ntawv, duab, thiab cov duab hauv huab thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub laptop, smartphone, ntsiav tshuaj, lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Kev suav huab ua rau kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv hauv huab tau.
Firewall
Firewall yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav los piav qhia txog kev thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xam, lub firewall muaj software los yog kho vajtse uas tiv thaiv lub computer los ntawm hackers thiab viruses.
Computing firewalls muaj xws li los ntawm me me antivirus software pob mus rau complex thiab kim software thiab kho vajtse daws teeb meem. Qee qhov firewall yog dawb. Ntau lub khoos phis tawj xa nrog lub firewall koj tuaj yeem qhib. Txhua lub khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov neeg nyiag nkas ua phem lossis ua rau lub khoos phis tawj.
Ib yam li txhua tus, cov pib siv internet yuav tsum qhib lub firewall rau tus kheej siv los tiv thaiv lawv lub computer los ntawm cov kab mob thiab malware.
Malware
Malware yog ib lo lus dav uas piav qhia txog cov software phem tsim los ntawm cov neeg nyiag nkas. Malware suav nrog cov kab mob, Trojans, keyloggers, zombie program, thiab lwm yam software uas nrhiav ua ib qho ntawm plaub yam:
- Vandale your computer in some way.
- nyiag koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug.
- Tau cov chaw taws teeb tswj ntawm koj lub computer (zombie koj lub computer).
- Txhob muab koj mus yuav ib yam.
Malware programs yog lub sijhawm foob pob thiab cov minions phem ntawm cov programmer tsis ncaj ncees. Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej nrog firewall thiab kev paub txog yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv cov kev pab cuam los ntawm koj lub computer.
Trojan
A Trojan yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm hacker program uas tso siab rau tus neeg siv los txais tos nws thiab qhib nws. Lub npe tom qab lub npe nrov Trojan nees taleas, Trojan cov kev pab cuam masquerade raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai lossis software programs.
Qee lub sij hawm, nws yog cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis muaj qhov tsis pom zoo lossis tus neeg teeb tsa uas ua piv txwv tias yog software anti-hacker tiag tiag. Lub zog ntawm Trojan nres los ntawm cov neeg siv tsis ncaj ncees rub tawm thiab khiav cov ntaub ntawv Trojan.
Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev tsis rub cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj rau koj hauv email lossis koj pom hauv cov vev xaib tsis paub.
Phishing
Phishing yog kev siv cov email zoo nkauj thiab cov nplooj ntawv web los ntxias koj los ntaus koj tus lej account thiab passwords lossis PINs. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fake PayPal ceeb toom cov lus los yog phony bank ID nkag mus cov ntxaij vab tshaus, phishing tawm tsam tuaj yeem ua rau txhua tus neeg uas tsis tau kawm los saib xyuas cov lus qhia tsis meej.
Raws li txoj cai, txhua tus neeg siv yuav tsum tsis ntseeg ib qho email txuas uas hais tias, "Koj yuav tsum nkag mus thiab lees paub qhov no."
Blogs
Ib blog yog ib tus kws sau ntawv online niaj hnub no. Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm cov blogs ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov ncauj lus: nyiam nyiam hauv paintball lossis ntaus pob tesniv, kev xav txog kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, kev tawm tswv yim txog kev hais lus nrov nrov, kev yees duab ntawm cov duab nyiam, lossis cov lus qhia txog kev siv Microsoft Office. Txhua tus tuaj yeem pib blog.
Blogs feem ntau yog teem caij raws sijhawm thiab nrog tsawg dua li lub vev xaib. Ntau lub blogs lees txais thiab teb rau cov lus pom. Blogs sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo ntawm amateurish mus rau kev tshaj lij. Qee tus paub bloggers tau txais cov nyiaj tau los tsim nyog los ntawm kev muag tshaj tawm ntawm lawv cov nplooj ntawv blog.
