Txhua lub khoos phis tawj xa khoom nrog lub operating system (OS) thiab muaj peev xwm sib txuas tau tsim rau hauv txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub. Lub OS muaj cov software uas tswj cov apps, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kho vajtse ntawm ib lub cuab yeej, thiab nws muab ib qho interface siv los cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawd. OS software khiav ntawm lub laptops, desktop computers, smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, network routers, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntse.
Type of Operating Systems
Cov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv kev khiav haujlwm yog cov uas pom ntawm tus kheej lub khoos phis tawj, xws li Microsoft Windows, macOS, thiab Linux (ib UNIX-zoo li OS).
Qee qhov kev khiav haujlwm yog tsim los rau qee yam khoom siv, suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Apple iOS, iPadOS, thiab Google Android rau smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj.
- Solaris, HP-UX, DG-UX, thiab lwm yam hloov pauv ntawm Unix rau server computers.
- DEC VMS (virtual memory system) rau mainframe computers.
- Apple tvOS rau Apple TV digital media player.
- Hnav rau Google smartwatches.
Lwm cov kev khiav haujlwm uas tau tshwm sim yav dhau los:
- Novell Netware yog qhov nrov OS rau lub khoos phis tawj Windows hauv xyoo 1990.
- IBM OS/2 yog lub Windows OS thaum ntxov uas tau sib tw nrog Microsoft Windows rau ib lub sijhawm tab sis muaj kev vam meej hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.
- Multics yog qhov kev ua haujlwm tshiab tsim los rau mainframes hauv xyoo 1960. Nws cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Unix.
Network Operating Systems
Ib OS niaj hnub muaj cov software tsim los ua kom yooj yim sib txuas. Hom OS software suav nrog kev siv TCP/IP thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam xws li ping thiab traceroute, nrog rau cov tsav tsheb thiab lwm yam software kom cia li qhib Ethernet lossis wireless interface rau ib lub cuab yeej.
Cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom siv txawb ib txwm muab cov kev pab cuam los pab Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas wireless.
Cov qauv thaum ntxov ntawm Microsoft Windows tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa rau kev sib txuas hauv computer. Microsoft ntxiv cov peev txheej sib txuas pib pib nrog Windows 95 thiab Windows rau Workgroups.
Microsoft tau qhia txog Kev Sib Txuas Hauv Is Taws Nem (ICS) feature hauv Windows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE) thiab Windows HomeGroup rau kev sib tham hauv tsev hauv Windows 7. Muab piv nrog Unix, uas tau tsim los ntawm qhov pib rau kev sib tham.
Hnub no, kev txhawb nqa kev sib koom tes yog tus qauv es tsis yog qhov zam. Feem ntau cov kev khiav hauj lwm niaj hnub no tsim nyog raws li kev khiav hauj lwm hauv network vim tias lawv muaj kev nkag tau hauv internet thiab txhawb kev sib tham hauv tsev.
Embedded Operating Systems
Ib qho OS embedded txhawb tsis muaj lossis txwv kev teeb tsa ntawm nws cov software. Embedded OSs xws li cov nyob rau hauv routers, piv txwv li, muaj xws li ib tug pre-configured web server, DHCP neeg rau zaub mov, thiab ib co utilities, tab sis tsis tso cai rau lub installation ntawm cov kev pab cuam tshiab. Piv txwv ntawm embedded operating systems rau routers muaj xws li:
- Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System)
- DD-WRT
- YJuniper Junos
