Packet poob tshwm sim thaum kev sib txuas hauv network poob cov ntaub ntawv thaum nws nyob hauv kev thauj mus los. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj qhov kev sib txuas zoo li qeeb dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab txo qis kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv network nrog cov khoom siv hauv zos thiab cov chaw taws teeb. Paub yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob pob ntawv poob yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau txhua tus uas tab tom nrhiav kev txhim kho lub network teeb meem.
Ua rau pob khoom poob
Packet poob tsis tshwm sim rau ib qho laj thawj. Kev kuaj xyuas qhov ua rau pob ntawv poob ntawm koj lub network yuav qhia koj tias koj yuav tsum kho dab tsi:
- Network bandwidth thiab congestion: Ib qho laj thawj ntawm pob ntawv poob yog tsis txaus bandwidth network. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum ntau yam khoom siv sim sib txuas lus ntawm tib lub network.
- kho vajtse tsis txaus: Teeb meem nrog ib qho khoom siv ntawm lub network uas xa cov pob ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau pob ntawv poob. Routers, keyboards, firewalls, thiab lwm yam khoom siv sib txuas yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws.
- Damaged cables: Pob ntawv poob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub cev. Yog tias Ethernet cables puas, xaim tsis raug, lossis qeeb dhau los tswj lub network kev khiav tsheb, cov cables xau pob ntawv.
- Software bugs: Lub firmware hauv network hardware lossis computer software tuaj yeem muaj cov kab uas ua rau pob ntawv poob.
Yuav ua li cas kho pob ntawv poob ntawm koj lub Network
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ua rau pob ntawv poob, pib nrog qhov teeb meem yooj yim tshaj plaws los kuaj:
- Kos lub cev sib txuas. Tshawb xyuas Ethernet kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv. Nrhiav cov cim qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev lossis kev ua tsis zoo thiab saib seb qhov kev hloov ntawm cov cables daws qhov teeb meem.
- Tshuaj dawb bandwidth. Puas yog ib qho khoom siv kho vajtse tuav cov kev sib txuas ntau dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua? Yog tias muaj, txwv qhov bandwidth ntawm lub router.
- Replace the hardware. Hloov tawm cov khoom siv uas muaj teeb meem hauv lub network kom pom tias cov pob ntawv poob ploj lawm thaum ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb raug tshem tawm.
- Qhia software kab mob. Yog tias koj xav tias software kab mob ua rau pob ntawv poob, tib txoj hauv kev los kho nws yog los ntawm firmware thaj los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom muab cov khoom siv. Qhia qhov xav tias kab laum thaum koj pom cov teeb meem no los txhawb cov neeg muag khoom los kho qhov teeb meem.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub pob ntawv poob
Ntau daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas pob ntawv poob thoob plaws hauv lub network. Cov no ua hauj lwm los ntawm sniffing pob ntawv nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev, los ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub sij hawm mus txawv tebchaws los yog saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm pob ntawv. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los tshawb pom yog tias pob ntawv poob tshwm sim yog los ntawm pinging li hauv lub network:
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Hauv Windows, qhib qhov Command Prompt qhov rai thiab siv ping hais kom ua rau koj lub router. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus router tus IP chaw nyob yog 127.0.0.1, sau ping 127.0.0.1 -t rau ping lub router. Ntawm macOS lossis Linux, qhib lub qhov rais Terminal thiab nkag mus ping 127.0.0.1
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Windows khoos phis tawj nkaus xwb yog qhov ploj lawm - t ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov lus txib.
- Tom qab cov lus txib ping ua tiav cov pob ntawv txaus (tsawg kawg 10), nias Ctrl+ C lossis Command+ C kom nres qhov hais kom ua.
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Saib seb puas muaj pob khoom poob. Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb ntawm pinging ntaus ntawv thiab lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm raug, koj yuav tsum pom 0% pob poob. Daim ntawv qhia yuav zoo li no:
- -- 127.0.0.1 ping txheeb cais ---
27 pob ntawv xa mus, 27 pob khoom tau txais, 0.0% pob ntawv poob
ncig-trip min/avg/max/stddev=1.820/8.351/72.343/14.186 ms
Ntawm pob ntawv poob Nrog tcpdump
Cov lus txib tcpdump ntawm macOS thiab Linux muaj zog dua ping. Cov lus txib ntes cov pob ntawv thiab mam li suav cov pob ntawv poob. Txhawm rau siv cov lus txib, qhib qhov hais kom ua lossis Terminal qhov rai thiab nkag mus tcpdump -i ib qho.
Qhov no khiav tcpdump hla txhua qhov kev sib txuas hauv network. Cov lus txib tseem tuaj yeem khiav nrog - i eth0 txhawm rau ntes tsuas yog thawj lub network interface lossis nrog - c 10 txhawm rau ntes 10 pob ntawv xwb.
Tom qab cov lus txib khiav, saib cov kab hauv qab kom pom tias muaj cov pob khoom puas lawm:
17 packets captured
85 packets txais los ntawm lim
0 packets poob los ntawm kernel
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov pob ntawv yog qhov thev tsawg. Tom qab koj tsim ib txoj hauv kev los xyuas cov kev sib txuas lus thoob plaws hauv lub network, ua raws li kev coj ua ntawm kev sib cais thiab tshem tawm los txiav txim qhov chaw thiab ua rau cov pob ntawv poob. Qhov no yuav xav tau pinging feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub network. Kev paub txog lub network's topology yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Ntawm Windows, siv tcpdump los ntawm Bash plhaub ntawm Windows 10 lossis khiav Wireshark.
