Yuav Paub
- Tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas hom Wi-Fi network uas zoo tshaj rau koj qhov xwm txheej.
- Tshawb nrhiav, xaiv, thiab nruab cov iav zoo wireless.
- Txhim kho thiab sim koj lub network.
phau ntawv qhia no piav qhia yuav ua li cas tsim, nruab, thiab teeb tsa lub wireless network.
Learn the Terminology of Wireless Networking
WLAN
A WLAN yog wireless LAN, thiab LAN (hauv cheeb tsam network) yog ib pab pawg sib txuas ntawm cov khoos phis tawj sib txuas nyob rau hauv lub cev sib ze rau ib leeg.
Koj tuaj yeem pom LANs hauv ntau lub tsev, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tau kom muaj ntau tshaj ib qho LAN hauv koj lub tsev, ob peb ua qhov no hauv kev xyaum.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi yog lub npe kev lag luam rau cov khoom lag luam sib txuas. Koj yuav pom lub logo dub-thiab-dawb Wi-Fi lossis daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm txhua yam khoom siv wireless tshiab uas koj yuav.
Technically hais lus, Wi-Fi txhais tau tias ua raws li 802.11 tsev neeg ntawm cov qauv kev sib txuas lus wireless. Tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv tsev wireless hauv tsev siv cov qauv 802.11 niaj hnub no, thiab lo lus "Wi-Fi" txawv cov khoom siv wireless los ntawm lwm cov khoom siv network.
802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, thiab 802.11a
802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, thiab 802.11a sawv cev rau cov qauv kev sib txuas lus nrov. Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub wireless network siv ib qho ntawm lawv, tab sis 802.11ax yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws, ceev tshaj plaws, thiab txoj hauv kev mus.
WEP, WPA thiab Wardriving yog dab tsi?
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tsev wireless thiab kev lag luam me tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau ntau tus. Ib yam li siv xov tooj cua lossis TV receivers los mloog rau hauv xov tooj cua hauv chaw nres tsheb, nws yuav luag yooj yim los khaws cov teeb liab los ntawm lub network wireless hauv tsev. Daim npav rho nyiaj hauv lub vev xaib yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis xav txog tias koj cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig saib xyuas txhua email thiab cov lus tam sim koj xa.
Xyoo dhau los, qee cov techies nrov rau kev coj ua ntawm pawg ntseeg los txhawb kev paub txog qhov tsis zoo no hauv WLANs. Nrog kev pab ntawm pheej yig, khoom siv hauv tsev, cov tub ceev xwm taug kev los yog tsav tsheb los ntawm cov zej zog snooping lub wireless network tsheb khiav tawm los ntawm cov tsev nyob ze. Qee tus tub ceev xwm tau nkag mus rau lawv lub khoos phis tawj mus rau cov neeg tsis xav txog lub tsev WLANs, qhov tseem ceeb yog nyiag cov khoom siv hauv computer dawb thiab siv internet.
WEP yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus wireless uas txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg network. WEP encrypts network traffic lej kom lwm lub khoos phis tawj nkag siab tau, tab sis tib neeg nyeem tsis tau.
WEP thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ib xyoos dhau los, thiab WPA thiab lwm yam kev nyab xeeb tau hloov pauv. WPA tiv thaiv koj WLAN los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov neeg nyob ze, thiab niaj hnub no, txhua yam khoom siv wireless txhawb nqa nws. Vim WPA yog ib qho feature uas koj tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw, teeb tsa nws kom zoo thaum koj teeb tsa koj lub network.
Type of Wireless Equipment
tsib yam khoom siv pom hauv wireless hauv tsev yog:
- Wireless network adapters
- Wireless access point
- Wireless routers
- Ntxiv-on wireless antennas
- Wireless signal boosters
Qee yam ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog xaiv tau, nyob ntawm koj lub tsev network teeb tsa.
Wireless Network Adapters
Txhua lub cuab yeej koj txuas rau WLAN yuav tsum muaj lub wireless network adapter. Wireless adapters qee zaum hu ua NICs, luv rau Network Interface Cards Wireless adapters rau desktop computers feem ntau yog cov ntawv PCI me me lossis qee zaum daim npav zoo li USB adapters. Wireless adapters rau phau computers zoo li daim credit card tuab. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg siv khoom siv wireless tsis yog daim npav tab sis cov chips me me uas tau muab tso rau hauv phau ntawv sau lossis cov khoos phis tawj tes.
Wireless network adapters muaj xov tooj cua transmitter thiab receiver (transceiver). Wireless transceivers xa thiab txais cov lus, txhais lus, formatting, thiab feem ntau npaj cov ntaub ntawv khiav ntawm lub computer thiab lub network.
Kev txiav txim siab pes tsawg tus wireless network adapters koj xav yuav yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim koj lub tsev network. Tshawb xyuas cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias lawv puas muaj cov chips built-in wireless adapter.
Wireless Access Points
Ib qho chaw nkag wireless ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab WLAN chaw nres tsheb. Cov no qee zaum hu ua chaw nres tsheb hauv paus. Cov ntsiab lus nkag yog nyias, lub teeb yuag nrog cov teeb ci LED ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Cov ntsiab lus nkag mus koom nrog lub wireless LAN mus rau qhov uas twb muaj lawm, xaim Ethernet network. Cov neeg siv hauv tsev feem ntau nruab qhov nkag nkag thaum lawv muaj lub router broadband thiab npaj yuav ntxiv cov khoos phis tawj wireless rau lawv qhov teeb tsa tam sim no.
Koj yuav tsum siv qhov chaw nkag lossis lub router wireless los siv hybrid wired thiab wireless networking hauv tsev. Txwv tsis pub, tej zaum koj yuav tsis xav tau qhov chaw nkag.
Wireless Routers
Ib lub router wireless yog qhov chaw nkag nrog lwm cov haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig. Zoo li wired broadband routers, wireless routers txhawb kev sib txuas hauv internet thiab suav nrog firewall technology rau kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg network. Wireless routers zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus nkag.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm ob lub wireless routers thiab cov ntsiab lus nkag yog qhov muaj peev xwm. Lub router lub zog, built-in transceivers tuaj yeem kis tau lub teeb liab wireless thoob plaws hauv tsev. Ib lub tsev WLAN nrog lub router lossis qhov chaw nkag tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov chav tsev kaum tsev thiab tom qab, piv txwv li, dua li qhov tsis muaj. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib txuas hauv tsev wireless nrog lub router lossis qhov chaw nkag tau txhawb nqa ntau lub khoos phis tawm dua li cov tsis muaj. Yog tias koj tus qauv LAN wireless suav nrog lub router lossis qhov chaw nkag, khiav txhua lub network adapters hauv hom kev tsim kho vaj tse; txwv tsis pub, adapters yuav tsum khiav hauv ad-hoc hom.
Wireless routers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo thaum tsim koj thawj lub tsev network. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov khoom kho kom zoo thaum koj teeb tsa.
Wireless Antennas
Wireless network adapters, cov ntsiab lus nkag, thiab routers siv lub kav hlau txais xov kom tau txais cov cim ntawm WLAN. Qee lub kav hlau txais xov wireless, zoo li cov ntawm cov adapters, yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Lwm cov kav hlau txais xov, zoo li cov ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus nkag, pom sab nraud.
Cov kav hlau txais xov ib txwm xa nrog cov khoom siv wireless muab kev txais tos txaus rau feem ntau. Tseem, koj tuaj yeem nruab ib qho kev xaiv, ntxiv-on kav hlau txais xov los txhim kho kev txais tos. Koj feem ntau yuav tsis paub seb koj puas yuav xav tau cov khoom siv no kom txog thaum koj ua tiav qhov kev teeb tsa hauv lub network.
Wireless Signal Boosters
Qee lub tuam txhab ntawm wireless nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus thiab routers muag cov teeb liab boosters. Lub teeb liab booster nce lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb transmitter. Nws muaj peev xwm siv cov teeb liab boosters thiab ntxiv-on antennas los txhim kho wireless network kis tau tus mob thiab txais tos ib txhij.
Ob lub kav hlau txais xov thiab cov teeb liab txhawb nqa tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv rau qee lub tsev sib txuas tom qab cov hauv paus hauv qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov khoos phis tawj tawm mus rau hauv WLAN ntau yam, thiab lawv kuj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv network hauv qee kis.
WLAN Configurations
Txhawm rau ua kom koj lub network ua haujlwm tau zoo, npaj koj cov lus teb rau cov lus nug hauv qab no:
- Koj puas xav txuas ntxiv koj lub xov tooj hauv tsev nrog WLAN, lossis koj puas tsim lub network tshiab?
- Koj npaj yuav siv lub khoos phis tawj wireless pes tsawg, thiab lawv yuav nyob qhov twg hauv tsev?
- Lub tshuab ua haujlwm dab tsi koj lossis koj puas yuav khiav ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj network?
- Koj puas xav qhia koj qhov kev sib txuas hauv internet ntawm cov khoos phis tawj wireless? Koj yuav siv WLAN li cas ntxiv? Sib koom ua ntaub ntawv? Network gaming?
Nruab wireless Router
Ib lub wireless router txhawb nqa ib WLAN. Siv lub wireless router ntawm koj lub network yog:
- Koj tab tom tsim koj thawj lub tsev network.
- Koj xav rov tsim koj lub tsev network kom ua txhua yam-wireless.
- Koj xav kom koj qhov kev teeb tsa WLAN yooj yim li sai tau.
Nruab lub wireless router hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab hauv tsev. Txoj kev sib txuas Wi-Fi ua haujlwm, khoos phis tawj ze rau lub router (feem ntau nyob hauv tib chav lossis hauv kab pom) tau txais kev sib txuas zoo dua li cov khoos phis tawj nyob deb.
- Txuas lub wireless router mus rau qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab xaiv qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas hauv internet. Tag nrho cov niaj hnub wireless routers txhawb broadband modems. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias cov routers wireless muaj qhov chaw nkag tau tsim, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub router txuas, hloov, lossis hub.
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Xaiv koj tus network name. Hauv Wi-Fi networking, lub npe network feem ntau hu ua SSID. Txawm hais tias routers nkoj nrog lub npe tsis raug, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los hloov nws vim kev nyab xeeb. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv khoom lag luam txhawm rau nrhiav lub npe network rau koj lub wireless router.
Router thiab txhua lub khoos phis tawj ntawm WLAN yuav tsum qhia tib SSID.
- Ua raws cov ntaub ntawv router kom pab WEP kev ruaj ntseg, qhib firewall nta, thiab teeb tsa lwm yam kev pom zoo.
Nruab qhov chaw nkag wireless
Ib qho chaw nkag wireless txhawb nqa ib WLAN. Siv qhov chaw nkag wireless ntawm koj lub tsev network yog:
- Koj tsis xav tau cov yam ntxwv ntxiv uas lub wireless router muab.
- Koj tab tom txuas ntxiv ib lub xov tooj Ethernet hauv tsev uas twb muaj lawm.
- Koj muaj (lossis npaj yuav muaj) plaub lossis ntau dua lub khoos phis tawj wireless tau tawg thoob plaws hauv tsev.
Nruab koj qhov chaw nkag rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, yog tias ua tau. Txuas lub hwj chim thiab cable qhov chaw nkag mus rau koj lub LAN router, hloov, lossis hub.
Koj yuav tsis muaj lub foob pob hluav taws los teeb tsa, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum teeb tsa lub npe network thiab pab WEP ntawm qhov nkag mus rau theem no.
Txhim kho lub wireless adapters
Kho cov adapters tom qab teeb tsa lub wireless router lossis nkag mus (yog tias koj muaj). Ntxig cov adapters rau hauv koj lub computer raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv khoom. Wi-Fi adapters xav kom koj nruab TCP/IP ntawm lub computer host.
Chaw tsim khoom muab kev teeb tsa kev siv hluav taws xob rau lawv cov adapters. Piv txwv li, ntawm Windows operating system, adapters feem ntau muaj cov duab neeg siv interface (GUI) nkag tau los ntawm Start Menu lossis taskbar tom qab koj nruab qhov kho vajtse. GUI yog qhov chaw koj teeb lub npe network (SSID) thiab qhib WEP. Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa ob peb lwm yam tsis muaj.
Txhua lub wireless adapters yuav tsum siv tib qhov kev teeb tsa rau koj WLAN kom ua haujlwm zoo.
Txhim kho qhov Ad-Hoc Tsev WLAN
Txhua Wi-Fi adapter xav kom koj xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa (hu ua hom nkag mus rau hauv qee cov cuab yeej teeb tsa) thiab ad-hoc wireless (peer-to-peer) hom. Teem txhua lub wireless adapter rau hom kev tsim kho vaj tse. Hauv hom no, wireless adapters yuav ntes thiab teeb tsa lawv tus lej WLAN kom phim qhov nkag nkag (router).
Xwb, teeb tsa txhua lub wireless adapters siv hom ad hoc. Thaum koj qhib hom no, koj pom qhov chaw sib cais rau channel naj npawb.
Txhua tus adapters ntawm koj lub ad hoc wireless LAN xav tau cov lej sib piv.
Ad-hoc tsev WLAN teeb tsa ua haujlwm zoo hauv tsev nrog tsuas yog ob peb lub khoos phis tawj nyob ze rau ib leeg. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev teeb tsa no ua qhov kev xaiv rov qab yog tias koj qhov chaw nkag lossis router tawg.
Txhim kho Software Kev Sib Txuas Hauv Internet Sib Koom
Koj tuaj yeem faib kev sib txuas hauv internet hla ib qho ad hoc wireless network. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, xaiv ib qho ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj ua tus tswv tsev (zoo hloov pauv rau lub router). Lub khoos phis tawj ntawd khaws cov kev sib txuas modem thiab yuav tsum nyob rau thaum koj siv lub network. Microsoft Windows muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hu ua Internet Kev Sib Txuas Sib Koom (ICS) uas ua haujlwm nrog ad-hoc WLANs.
Wireless Signal cuam tshuam hauv tsev
Thaum txhim kho Wi-Fi router lossis chaw nkag, ceev faj ntawm cov teeb liab cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob nruab chav nyob hauv 3 mus rau 10 ko taw (kwv yees li 1 mus rau 3 m) los ntawm lub qhov cub microwave. Lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm wireless cuam tshuam yog 2.4 GHz cordless xov tooj, tus me nyuam saib, lub qhov rooj qhib qhov rooj, thiab qee cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj cib lossis plaster phab ntsa lossis ib qho uas muaj hlau thav duab, koj yuav ntsib teeb meem tswj lub teeb liab muaj zog ntawm cov chav.
Wi-Fi txhawb nqa lub teeb liab mus txog 300 ko taw (kwv yees li 100 m), tab sis lub cev tsis muaj zog txo qhov no. Kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tag nrho 802.11 kev sib txuas lus (802.11a thiab lwm yam 5 GHz xov tooj cua ntau dua 2.4 GHz); nco ntsoov qhov no thaum txhim kho cov cuab yeej.
Wireless Routers thiab Access Point cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud
Hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg coob, nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau cov teeb liab wireless los ntawm ib tus neeg lub tsev network nkag mus rau ib lub tsev nyob sib ze thiab tsim kev cuam tshuam. Qhov teeb meem no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum ob tsev neeg teeb tsa kev sib txuas lus tsis sib haum xeeb. Thaum teeb tsa lub router (chaw nkag), koj tuaj yeem (tshwj tsis yog hauv ob peb lub zos) hloov tus naj npawb channel koj cov khoom siv.
Piv txwv li, hauv Tebchaws Meskas, koj tuaj yeem xaiv Wi-Fi channel tus lej ntawm 1 txog 11. Yog tias koj ntsib kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, koom tes nrog lawv. Tsuas yog siv cov xov tooj sib txawv tsis tas yuav daws qhov teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias ob tog siv qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej 1, 6, lossis 11, uas yuav lav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib koom tes.
MAC Chaw Nyob Lim
Ntau dua wireless routers (cov ntsiab lus nkag) txhawb kev ruaj ntseg hu ua Media Access Control (MAC luv luv) chaw nyob lim. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau koj sau npe wireless adapters nrog koj lub router (qhov chaw nkag) thiab yuam kom lub tsev tsis lees txais kev sib txuas lus los ntawm ib qho khoom siv wireless uas tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv. MAC chaw nyob filtering ua ke nrog muaj zog Wi-Fi encryption (zoo tshaj WPA2 lossis zoo dua) muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
Wireless Adapter Profiles
Ntau lub wireless adapters txhawb nqa lub luag haujlwm hu ua profiles uas cia koj teeb tsa thiab txuag ntau qhov kev teeb tsa WLAN. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov ad hoc configuration rau koj lub tsev WLAN thiab kev teeb tsa kev tsim kho vaj tse rau koj lub chaw ua haujlwm thiab tom qab ntawd hloov ntawm ob qhov profile raws li xav tau.
Teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua lub khoos phis tawj koj npaj txav ntawm koj lub tsev network thiab lwm WLAN; lub sij hawm koj siv tam sim no yuav txuag lub sij hawm thiab hnyav dua tom qab.
Wireless Security
Ntawm cov kev xaiv uas koj yuav pom rau kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg wireless ntawm lub tsev network, WPA3 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qee lub iav yuav tsis txhawb qhov kev tiv thaiv qib siab dua, txawm li cas los xij. Ordinary WPA ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau tes hauj lwm thiab yog ib tug haum fallback lwm txoj rau WPA3.
Tsis txhob siv WEP cov thev naus laus zis qub thaum ua tau, tshwj tsis yog qhov kawg. WEP pab tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv koj lub network tab sis muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam.
txhawm rau teeb tsa kev ruaj ntseg wireless, xaiv ib txoj hauv kev thiab muab tus lej lej ntev hu ua tus yuam sij lossis kab lus hla mus rau lub router thiab txhua yam khoom siv. Koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kev ruaj ntseg teeb tsa ntawm ob lub router thiab tus neeg siv khoom siv rau kev sib txuas wireless ua haujlwm. Khaws koj cov lus zais zais cia, vim lwm tus tuaj yeem koom nrog koj lub network yog tias lawv paub tus lej.
Cov lus qhia dav dav
Yog tias koj ua tiav kev txhim kho cov khoom, tab sis koj lub network hauv tsev tsis ua haujlwm raug, daws teeb meem:
- Tsis ncav cuag internet? Tshem tawm lub firewall ib ntus los txiav txim seb koj puas muaj teeb meem teeb tsa firewall lossis qee qhov teeb meem.
- Tig thiab sim cov wireless adapters ib qho los txiav txim seb cov teeb meem yog los ntawm ib lub khoos phis tawj lossis ib txwm muaj rau txhua tus.
- Sim ib qho ad hoc wireless configuration yog hais tias infrastructure hom kev sib txuas lus tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab tej zaum koj yuav txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem nrog koj qhov chaw nkag lossis router.
- Thaum koj tsim koj lub network, sau cov chaw xws li lub npe network, tus yuam sij kev nyab xeeb lossis kab lus hla, MAC chaw nyob, thiab tus lej Wi-Fi channel.
- Tsis txhob txhawj txog kev ua yuam kev. Koj tuaj yeem hloov koj qhov chaw WLAN txhua lub sijhawm.
Tsis txhob xav tsis thoob yog tias koj lub network kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo li cov lej uas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom sau npe. Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias 802.11g cov cuab yeej technically txhawb 54 Mbps bandwidth, qhov ntawd yog qhov kev xav siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv yuav tsis ua tiav.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Wi-Fi network bandwidth mus rau saum taub hau uas koj tswj tsis tau. Cia siab tias yuav pom tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws bandwidth (txog 20 Mbps ntawm feem ntau rau 54 Mbps txuas) ntawm koj lub tsev network.
