Key Takeaways
- Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv quantum suav txhais tau tias hnub yuav los thaum koj cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm.
- Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Science thiab Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj hauv Hefei tau tsim lub computer quantum uas yog 100 trillion zaug sai dua li cov supercomputers ceev tshaj plaws.
- Ib kauj ruam cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ua kom lawv tus kheej muaj kev nyab xeeb me ntsis los ntawm quantum codebreakers yog siv hom tshiab encryption hauv lawv cov browsers.
Xav txog tias txhua tus email, kev lag luam hauv txhab nyiaj, ntawv nyeem, lossis kev tshaj xov xwm hauv social media uas koj tau ua tiav tuaj yeem tshawb pom hauv online hauv cov ntawv dawb, tsis muaj ntawv zais. Nws yuav txhais tau tias muaj lub qhov rais uas tsis tau muaj dua los rau hauv peb lub neej nrog kev cuam tshuam uas nyuaj rau kev xav.
Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias lub zeem muag no tsis yog npau suav phem dystopian, tab sis qhov tseeb nrawm nrawm vim qhov kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv quantum suav. Cov khoos phis tawj uas siv quantum phenomena xws li superposition thiab entanglement los ua kev suav tau ntev tau touted raws li ob qho kev cog lus nyob deb thiab boogeyman. Qhov tseeb yog ntau nuanced, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg txaus ntshai rau cov neeg uas saib xyuas lawv tus kheej.
"Qhov xwm txheej ntawm quantum xam tso cai rau nws los daws qee yam teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas lub khoos phis tawj qub yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los daws, "Chuck Easttom, tus kws qhia ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm Georgetown University, uas kawm txog cryptography thiab quantum suav, hais hauv kev xam phaj email.
"Thiab nws tsuas yog tshwm sim tias cov teeb meem lej no uas quantum computers tau zoo, kuj tshwm sim los ua cov teeb meem lej uas tsim lub hauv paus rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm RSA, Diffie-Hellman, Elliptic Curve, thiab lwm yam algorithms."
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb txog crypto txiaj, suav nrog kuv tus kheej, tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam algorithms los txiav txim seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws quantum resistant algorithms yuav yog.
Kev nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw
Peb vam khom rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv rhiab. Ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau encryption siv cov khoom siv tam sim no.
"Txawm hais tias ua tau tawg hauv txoj kev xav, nws nyuaj heev hauv kev xyaum vim tias ua li ntawd yuav siv sijhawm ntev heev nrog lub tshuab computer-xav txog lub sijhawm ntawm trillions lossis ntau tshaj plaub xyoos," Rodney Joffe, tus thawj coj laus Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab tus khub ntawm lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis Neustar, tau hais hauv kev xam phaj email.
Tab sis quantum computers ua haujlwm txawv dua li cov tshuab uas peb tau siv los, thiab lawv muaj zog dua thiab siv tau zoo. Quantum computers tso cai rau chav sib txawv ntawm cov algorithms uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoos phis tawj classic ua tau.
"Vim tias peb siv lub zog ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv computer-quantum qib kev xam-peb tuaj yeem pom cov qauv hauv kev ua lej lej uas yuav muab ob peb txoj hauv kev daws teeb meem rau qhov kev ua lej nyuaj," Terrill Frantz, tus xibfwb ntawm Harrisburg University of Science thiab Technology, uas kawm txog cybersecurity, tau hais hauv kev xam phaj email."Txoj kev tuaj yeem suav qhov tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tib lub sijhawm-piv txwv li qhov xwm txheej txiav txim siab txoj kev twg cua tshuab, lossis cua sov txav mus rau hauv cov kua."
Tseem ntxov dua koj xav
Hnub uas tus qauv kev ruaj ntseg algorithms tuaj yeem tawg tau ze dua li ntau tus neeg xav, raws li Paul Lipman, CEO ntawm cybersecurity ruaj BullGuard.
"Hauv kev xyaum, lub computer quantum yuav xav tau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib lab qubits kom tawg RSA," Lipman hais. "Lub koos pij tawj loj tshaj plaws tam sim no tsawg dua 100 qubits. Tam sim no txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov nyiam ntawm IonQ thiab IBM qhia tias peb yuav ntaus lab cim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kaum xyoo no."
Qee lub tebchaws twb tau xav ua ntej los ntawm kev nqus ntau cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv los ntawm tus password uas tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem tawg, tab sis yuav yog thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob quantum siab tuaj hauv online, Frantz tau hais. "Qhov kev hem thawj nyob ntawm no tam sim no," nws hais ntxiv. "Thaum quantum computers tuaj yeem rhuav tshem peb cov encryption, ces tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm yav dhau los tuaj yeem nyeem tau."
Quantum khoos phis tawj tau nrawm nrawm dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Science thiab Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj hauv Hefei tsis ntev los no tshaj tawm tias lawv tau tsim lub computer quantum uas muaj peev xwm ua tau 100 trillion zaug sai dua li lub ntiaj teb cov supercomputers ceev tshaj plaws. Cov xov xwm ua raws li txoj hlua ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tsis ntev los no hauv quantum xam los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Google, IBM, thiab Microsoft, thiab tsoomfwv kev siv zog hauv Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj, thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
"Cov kev txhim kho no tau ua rau ntau cov lus nug tias lub zog ntawm quantum suav txhais li cas rau yav tom ntej ntawm cybersecurity," Joffe hais. "Tau teb rau cov kev nce qib no yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no thaum kawg yuav pib tsim lub hauv paus rau kev rov tsim kho cov algorithms, cov tswv yim, thiab cov tshuab uas tsim peb txoj hauv kev cybersecurity tam sim no."
Tiv Thaiv Tawm Tsam Peb Quantum Overlords
Txawm tias kev siv quantum suav tsis zoo nyob ntawm no, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tau npaj txhij. Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm Neustar International Security Council (NISC) pom tias yuav luag ib lub hlis twg ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev nyab xeeb tau sim nrog quantum suav thiab tsim cov tswv yim los teb rau cov kev txhawj xeeb tias quantum nce qib yuav dhau los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm lwm yam kev ruaj ntseg technologies.
Tseem muaj lub peev xwm rau quantum xam los siv rau kev ua tsis zoo tshaj li nyeem emails, vim nws tuaj yeem suav cov ntaub ntawv sai npaum li cas. "Quantum computers yuav muaj peev xwm xam hauv 3 feeb dab tsi uas ib txwm siv supercomputers 10,000 xyoo kom ua tiav," Jofee hais. "Lub peev xwm los txo qis lub sijhawm luv luv tuaj yeem, nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm tus neeg ua phem phem, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam cyberattack tsis zoo li txhua yam uas tau pom yav dhau los."
Kev hem thawj tam sim no. Thaum quantum computers tuaj yeem ua txhaum peb qhov encryption, ces tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm yav dhau los tuaj yeem nyeem.
Cov xov xwm phem yog qhov nruab nrab cov neeg siv tsis tuaj yeem ua ntau los tiv thaiv lawv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm quantum computers, cov kws tshaj lij hais. Txawm li cas los xij, National Institute of Standards (NIST) tau ua haujlwm los txhim kho quantum-resistant cryptography tus qauv txij li xyoo 2017, Easttom tau sau tseg.
"Tsis tas li, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb cryptography, suav nrog kuv tus kheej, tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas algorithms los txiav txim siab seb qhov zoo tshaj plaws quantum resistant algorithms yuav yog, "nws hais ntxiv.
Ib kauj ruam cov neeg siv tuaj yeem ua kom lawv tus kheej muaj kev nyab xeeb me ntsis los ntawm quantum codebreakers tam sim no yog los siv TLS 1.3 encryption tshiab hauv lawv cov browsers, Frantz hais.
"Qhov no yuav pab tau, tab sis tsis zoo tag nrho," nws ntxiv. "Ib qho kev xaiv thib ob, uas tam sim no muaj nyob hauv kev lag luam, yog pib siv Quantum Random Number generators thiab Quantum Key Distribution hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom."
Lub hom phiaj muaj kuab heev rau cov neeg nyiag nkas nrog rau yav tom ntej nkag mus rau quantum computers yuav yog cryptocurrency, uas tso siab rau cryptography kom nws nyab xeeb thiab ntiag tug. Ib lub tuam txhab, RAIDAtech, tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis los thauj thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv quantum-kev nyab xeeb.
"Peb tau ua tiav quantum-kev nyab xeeb cia los ntawm shredding cov ntaub ntawv kom tsuas yog 1/25th ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib tug muab huab," Sean Worthington, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub tuam txhab cryptocurrency CloudCoin Consortium, tau thov nyob rau hauv kev sib tham email."Cov servers nyob hauv 20 qhov chaw sib txawv xws li Argentina, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Switzerland, thiab Russia, tsuas yog rau npe rau ob peb tug. Koj tsis tuaj yeem decrypt ib yam dab tsi uas nyob hauv shreds."
Nws yog qhov zoo kom paub thaum quantum xam tau tshwm sim tias peb cov cryptocurrency yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb txawm tias peb cov emails yuav tsis yog. Tej zaum nws yuav yog lub sijhawm zoo los nqis peev lossis nqis peev hauv crypto, lossis pib ceev faj ntxiv txog qhov koj sau hauv koj cov lus online.
