Key Takeaways
- Cov kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm tias lawv tau ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj nrhiav ntev los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv uas ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev kub.
- Room kub superconductors tuaj yeem siv ntau hom khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsheb thauj mus los, thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis.
- Qhov kev tshawb pom yuav tsis muaj cov ntawv thov siv tam sim vim yog txoj kev tsim khoom nyuaj, cov kws tshaj lij hais.
Lub hom phiaj nrhiav ntev ntawm kev nrhiav tus superconductor uas ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev kub tau ua tiav, qhia kev cog lus rau yav tom ntej hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm tus kheej thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis, cov kws tshawb fawb hais.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias lawv tau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm 58 degrees Fahrenheit, raws li daim ntawv luam tawm lub lim tiam dhau los. Yog tias pom tau tias, cov khoom siv tshiab tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej tshaj qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los uas pom muaj superconductivity tsuas yog nyob rau qhov kub thiab txias qis dua xoom degrees. Txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam, qhov kev tshawb pom tuaj yeem ua rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov kws tshaj lij hais.
"Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias superconductors tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev thauj mus los nrog levitation thiab daim phiaj hluav taws xob superconducting," Ashkan Salamat, tus kws sau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv, thiab tus kws kho mob condensed teeb meem ntawm University of Nevada, Las Vegas, tau hais hauv xov tooj. xam phaj. "Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv me me thiab peb tuaj yeem xav txog cov roj teeb me me lossis tshem tawm cov roj teeb. Lub ntuj xiav xav tsis kawg."
Hoverboarding Los ntawm Superconductors?
Muaj peev xwm siv rau cov khoom siv no yuav luag tsis muaj qhov kawg. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tsev kub "yuav tsis poob lub zog thiab tuaj yeem mus yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau them rov qab," Shanti Deemyad, tus kws tshaj lij physics ntawm University of Utah, tau hais hauv kev sib tham email. "Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem siv lawv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob superconducting uas nrawm dua li qhov peb muaj tam sim no."
Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv me me thiab peb tuaj yeem xav txog cov roj teeb me me lossis tshem tawm cov roj teeb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nrhiav superconductors rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo vim lawv tau cog lus zoo rau txhua yam kev yees. Hauv cov xov hlau ib txwm muaj, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thaum electrons khob tawm tsam cov atoms uas ua rau cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj hauv xyoo 1911 tias, raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem tsim tawm uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Cov no thiaj li hu ua "superconductors."
Cov txiaj ntsig uas lub hwj chim superconductors tseem tsim hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov tsheb ntab hla cov kab hluav taws xob superconducting, Salamat tau hais. Hmoov tsis zoo, tag nrho cov superconductors uas tau tshawb pom los txog tam sim no tsis yog siv tau.
"Cov ntaub ntawv paub txog niaj hnub no yuav tsum tau ua kom txias los ntawm cov kua nitrogen lossis helium rau kev ua haujlwm siab," Eva Zurek, tus kws tshaj lij chemistry ntawm University of Buffalo, tau hais hauv kev xam phaj email. "Vim li ntawd, lawv cov ntawv thov raug txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau ua haujlwm ua cov hlau nplaum superconducting, hauv MRI cov cav tov, hauv cov kab hluav taws xob superconducting qhov twg lub zog tsis poob rau kev tiv thaiv, thiab hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau sib nqus."
Tsis Tau Yuav Zoo Tshaj sai sai
Qhov kev tshawb pom superconductor tshiab los nrog kev ntes loj: cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev siab loj txhais tau tias nws tsuas yog tsim tau me me xwb.
Carbon-sulfur thiab hydrogen tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej thiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 40,000 cua, Salamat tau hais tias, ntxiv "tom qab ntawd peb ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv photochemical kom peb ci lub teeb ntsuab kom lawv xaus ua qhov nyuaj heev, organic loj moj khaum system."
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntsib los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua yog txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas cov khoom tsim tawm, Zurek tau hais. "Thaum pom hluav taws xob pom peb tsis tuaj yeem pom tag nrho nws cov ntawv thov," nws hais ntxiv. "Ib yam li ntawd, kuv xav tias chav tsev kub superconductor yuav ua rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj kev hloov pauv thiab tsis xav txog tam sim no."
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob cia siab tias tsis ntev los no tau pom cov khoom lag luam superconductor yuav tshwm sim hauv koj lub laptop, cov kws tshaj lij hais.
Cov ntaub ntawv paub txog hnub no yuav tsum tau txias los ntawm cov kua nitrogen lossis helium rau superconduct. Yog li ntawd, lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv.
"Hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no, kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom daim ntawv thov siv ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv no, tab sis qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua pov thawj ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab kev ntsuas muaj zog heev uas tuaj yeem pab peb nrhiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dua. kev ntxhov siab, "Deemyad hais."Yog tias peb tuaj yeem txo qis qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj me kuv tuaj yeem xav txog ntau yam kev siv rau lawv."
Salamat hais tias nws pab neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob superconductor uas yooj yim dua los tsim. "Peb muaj lwm daim ntawv tawm hauv ib hlis uas peb tau txais qhov kub siab thib ob," nws hais ntxiv.
Txog Salamat thiab nws cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tus superconductor uas siv tau me ntsis ntxiv, hoverboards yuav tsis raug ntaus lub khw. Tab sis qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab ua pov thawj tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau los ze rau hnub uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub.
