Yuav Paub
- A PEM file is a Privacy Enhanced Mail Certificate file.
- Qhib ib qho nrog cov program lossis operating system uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv (lawv txhua tus ua haujlwm sib txawv me ntsis).
- Hloov rau PPK, PFX, lossis CRT nrog cov lus txib lossis tus hloov pauv tshwj xeeb.
Kab lus no piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv PEM siv li cas, yuav ua li cas qhib ib qho nyob ntawm qhov program lossis OS koj siv, thiab yuav hloov ib qho mus rau lwm hom ntawv pov thawj li cas.
PEM File yog dab tsi?
A PEM cov ntaub ntawv yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj uas siv los xa email ntiag tug. Tus neeg tau txais email no tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias cov lus tsis raug hloov pauv thaum nws xa tawm, tsis tau qhia rau lwm tus, thiab raug xa los ntawm tus neeg uas lees tias tau xa nws.
PEM cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv binary los ntawm email. PEM hom encodes binary nrog base64 kom nws tshwm sim raws li txoj hlua ASCII.
PEM hom tau raug hloov los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab ruaj ntseg dua, tab sis lub thawv PEM tseem siv niaj hnub no los tuav cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov yuam sij rau pej xeem thiab ntiag tug, daim ntawv pov thawj hauv paus, thiab lwm yam.
Qee cov ntaub ntawv hauv PEM hom tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv sib txawv, xws li CER lossis CRT rau daim ntawv pov thawj, lossis KEY rau pej xeem lossis cov yuam sij ntiag tug.
How to Open PEM Files
Cov kauj ruam rau qhib cov ntaub ntawv PEM txawv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov uas xav tau thiab cov kev khiav hauj lwm koj siv. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau hloov koj cov ntaub ntawv PEM rau CER lossis CRT txhawm rau qee qhov kev pabcuam no lees txais cov ntaub ntawv.
Windows
Yog tias koj xav tau CER lossis CRT cov ntaub ntawv hauv Microsoft email tus neeg siv xws li Outlook, qhib nws hauv Internet Explorer kom nws cia li thauj khoom mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Tus neeg siv email tuaj yeem siv nws los ntawm qhov ntawd.
Microsoft tsis txhawb Internet Explorer ntxiv lawm thiab pom zoo kom koj hloov tshiab rau Edge browser tshiab. Lub taub hau mus rau lawv qhov chaw mus rub tawm qhov tshiab tshaj plaws.
Txhawm rau pom cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj twg raug thauj mus rau hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj, thiab txhawm rau import cov ntawv manually, siv Internet Explorer's Tools ntawv qhia nkag mus Internet Options > Cov ntsiab lus > Daim ntawv pov thawj, zoo li no:
Kev xa cov ntaub ntawv CER lossis CRT rau hauv Windows, pib los ntawm kev qhib Microsoft Management Console los ntawm Run dialog box (siv lub Windows Key + R keyboard shortcut nkag musmmc ). Los ntawm qhov ntawd, mus rau File > Ntxiv / Tshem Tawm Snap-in… thiab xaiv Certificate ntawm kab laug sab, thiab tom qab ntawd Ntxiv > khawm hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov rais.
Xaiv Computer account ntawm lub vijtsam hauv qab no, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus los ntawm tus wizard, xaiv lub computer hauv zos thaum nug. Thaum "Certificates" yog loaded nyob rau hauv "Console Root," nthuav cov ntawv tais ceev tseg thiab right-click Trusted Root Certification Authority, thiab xaiv Txhua Txoj Haujlwm > Ntshuam
macOS
Lub tswv yim tib yam yog qhov tseeb rau koj tus neeg siv email Mac raws li nws yog rau lub Windows ib qho: siv Safari kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv PEM tuaj rau hauv Keychain Access.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv pov thawj SSL los ntawm File > Ntshuam khoom ntawv qhia hauv Keychain Access. Xaiv System los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov poob thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub vijtsam.
Yog tias cov txheej txheem no tsis ua haujlwm rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv PEM rau hauv macOS, koj tuaj yeem sim cov lus txib hauv qab no (hloov "yourfile.pem" los ua lub npe thiab qhov chaw ntawm koj cov ntaub ntawv PEM tshwj xeeb):
kev ruaj ntseg import yourfile.pem -k ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain
Linux
Siv cov lus txib no los saib cov ntsiab lus ntawm PEM cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Linux:
keytool -printcert -file yourfile.pem
Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no yog tias koj xav import cov ntaub ntawv CRT rau hauv Linux cov ntawv pov thawj tso cai tso cai (saib PEM rau CRT txoj kev hloov pauv hauv ntu txuas ntxiv hauv qab no yog tias koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv PEM hloov):
- Navig rau /usr/share/ca-certificates/.
- Create a folder there (piv txwv li, sudo mkdir /usr/share/ca-certificates/work).
- Copy. CRT cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv daim nplaub tshev uas tsim tshiab. Yog tias koj xav tsis ua nws tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib no hloov pauv: sudo cp yourfile.crt /usr/share/ca-certificates/work/yourfile.crt.
- Ua kom cov kev tso cai raug teeb tsa kom raug (755 rau daim nplaub tshev thiab 644 rau cov ntaub ntawv).
- Run the sudo update-ca-certificates command.
Firefox thiab Thunderbird
Yog tias PEM cov ntaub ntawv xav tau kev xa mus rau Mozilla email tus thov kev pab zoo li Thunderbird, koj yuav tsum xub xa cov ntaub ntawv PEM tawm ntawm Firefox. Qhib Firefox ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab xaiv Options Mus rau Privacy & Security thiab nrhiav Security, thiab tom qab ntawd siv lub View Certificate… khawm qhib ib daim ntawv, los ntawm qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov koj xav tau xa tawm. Siv qhov kev xaiv Backup… kev xaiv kom txuag nws.
Tom qab ntawd, hauv Thunderbird, qhib cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab nyem lossis coj mus rhaub Options Nkag mus rau Advanced > Daim ntawv pov thawj> Tswj Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj > Koj Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj > Ntshuam Los ntawm "Cov ntaub ntawv npe:" ntu ntawm lub qhov rais Ntshuam, xaiv Certificate Files los ntawm qhov poob, thiab tom qab ntawd nrhiav thiab qhib cov ntaub ntawv PEM.
Txhawm rau import PEM cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv Firefox, tsuas yog ua raws tib cov kauj ruam uas koj xav xa tawm ib qho, tab sis xaiv Import es tsis yog thaub qab… khawm. Yog tias koj nrhiav tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv PEM, xyuas kom meej tias "Filename" cheeb tsam ntawm lub dialog box yog teem rau Certificate Files thiab tsis yog PKCS12 Files
Java KeyStore
Stack Overflow muaj xov xwm txog kev xa cov ntaub ntawv PEM rau hauv Java KeyStore (JKS) yog tias koj xav tau ua qhov ntawd. Lwm qhov kev xaiv uas yuav ua haujlwm yog siv cov cuab yeej keyutil no.
How to convert PEM File
Tsis zoo li feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv nrog cov cuab yeej hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv lossis lub vev xaib, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau cov lus txib tshwj xeeb tawm tsam ib qho kev pab cuam txhawm rau hloov cov ntaub ntawv PEM mus rau ntau hom ntawv.
Convert PEM to PPK with PuTTYGen. Xaiv Load los ntawm sab xis ntawm qhov kev pab cuam, teeb tsa hom ntaub ntawv los ua ib qho ntaub ntawv (.), thiab tom qab ntawd xauj thiab qhib koj cov ntaub ntawv PEM. Xaiv Txuag tus yuam sijua cov ntaub ntawv PPK.
Nrog OpenSSL (tau txais lub Windows version ntawm no), koj tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv PEM rau PFX nrog cov lus txib hauv qab no:
openssl pkcs12 -inkey yourfile.pem -in yourfile.cert -export -out yourfile.pfx
Yog tias koj muaj cov ntaub ntawv PEM uas yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau CRT, zoo li yog rooj plaub nrog Ubuntu, siv cov lus txib no nrog OpenSSL:
openssl x509 -in yourfile.pem -inform PEM -out yourfile.crt
OpenSSL kuj tseem txhawb kev hloov pauv. PEM rau. P12 (PKCS12, lossis Public Key Cryptography Standard 12), tab sis ntxiv rau ". TXT" cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej khiav cov lus txib no:
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey yourfile.pem.txt -in yourfile.pem.txt -out yourfile.p12
Saib Stack Overflow txuas saum toj no hais txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv PEM nrog Java KeyStore yog tias koj xav hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau JKS, lossis qhov kev qhia no los ntawm Oracle rau import cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv Java truststore.
More Information on PEM
Cov ntaub ntawv kev ncaj ncees ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj siv RSA-MD2 thiab RSA-MD5 cov lus digests los sib piv cov lus ua ntej thiab tom qab nws xa, kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis tau raug cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev.
Thaum pib ntawm PEM cov ntaub ntawv yog lub hauv paus uas nyeem -----BEGIN [label]--------, thiab qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog cov footer zoo li no: ----- END [label] -----. Tshooj "[label]" piav qhia cov lus, yog li nws yuav nyeem PRIVATE KEY, CERTIFICATE REQUEST, lossis CERTIFICATE.
Nov yog ib qho piv txwv:
MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAMLgD0kAKDb5cFyP
jbwNfR5CtewdXC+kMXAWD8DLxiTTvhMW7qVnlwOm36mZlszHKvsRf05lT4pegiFM
9z2j1OlaN+ci/X7NU22TNN6crYSiN77FjYJP464j876ndSxyD+rzys386T+1r1aZ
aggEdkj1TsSsv1zWIYKlPIjlvhuxAgMBAAECgYA0aH+T2Vf3WOPv8KdkcJg6gCRe
yJKXOWgWRcicx/CUzOEsTxmFIDPLxqAWA3k7v0B+3vjGw5Y9lycV/5XqXNoQI14j
y09iNsumds13u5AKkGdTJnZhQ7UKdoVHfuP44ZdOv/rJ5/VD6F4zWywpe90pcbK+
AWDVtusgGQBSieEl1QJBAOyVrUG5l2234raSDfm/DYyXlIthQO/A3/LngDW
5/ydGxVsT7lAVOgCsoT+0L4efTh90PjzW8LPQrPBWVMCQQDS3h/FtYYd5lfz +FNL
9CEe1F1w9l8P749uNUD0g317zv1tatIqVCsQWHfVHNdVvfQ+vSFw38OORO00Xqs9
1GJrAkBkoXXEkxCZoy4PteheO/8IWWLGGr6L7di6MzFl1lIqwT6D8L9oaV2vynFT
DnKop0pa09Unhjyw57KMNmSE2SUJAkEArloTEzpgRmCq4IK2/NpCeGdHS5uqRlbh
1VIa/xGps7EWQl5Mn8swQDel/YP3WGHTjfx7pgSegQfkyaRtGpZ9OQJAa9Vumj8m
JAAtI0Bnga8hgQx7BhTQY4CadDxyiRGOGYhwUzYVCqkb2sbVRH9HnwUaJT7cWBY3
RnJdHOMXWem7/w==
Ib daim ntawv PEM tuaj yeem muaj ntau daim ntawv pov thawj, yog qhov "END" thiab "BEGIN" ntu nyob ib sab.
Tseem qhib tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv?
Ib qho laj thawj koj cov ntaub ntawv tsis qhib rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas tau piav qhia saum toj no yog tias koj tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog PEM cov ntaub ntawv. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tsuas yog siv cov ntawv sau zoo sib xws. Thaum zoo li no, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj ob cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam los yog rau lawv ua haujlwm nrog tib cov software program.
Piv txwv li, PEF zoo li phem heev zoo li PEM tab sis hloov mus rau Pentax Raw Image file format lossis Portable Embosser Format. Ua raws li qhov txuas mus saib yuav ua li cas qhib lossis hloov cov ntaub ntawv PEF, yog tias koj muaj tiag tiag.
Ib yam tuaj yeem hais rau ntau lwm cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv xws li EPM, EMP, EPP, PES, PET … koj tau txais lub tswv yim. Tsuas yog xyuas ob npaug ntawm cov ntawv txuas ntxiv kom pom tias nws tau nyeem ".pem" ua ntej txiav txim siab tias cov txheej txheem saum toj no tsis ua haujlwm.
Yog tias koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog KEY cov ntaub ntawv, nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas xaus rau hauv. KEY yog nyob rau hauv hom tau piav qhia hauv nplooj ntawv no. Tej zaum lawv yuav yog Software License Key cov ntaub ntawv siv thaum sau npe software xws li LightWave, lossis Keynote Presentation cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Apple Keynote.
FAQ
Kuv yuav tsim cov ntaub ntawv PEM li cas?
Thawj kauj ruam mus rau tsim cov ntaub ntawv PEM yog rub tawm cov ntawv pov thawj uas koj daim ntawv pov thawj tau xa tuaj rau koj. Qhov no yuav suav nrog daim ntawv pov thawj nruab nrab, daim ntawv pov thawj hauv paus, daim ntawv pov thawj thawj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Tom ntej, qhib cov ntawv nyeem, xws li WordPad lossis Notepad, thiab muab lub cev ntawm txhua daim ntawv pov thawj rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tshiab. Lawv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim no: Private Key, Primary Certificate, Intermediate Certificate, Root Certificate. Ntxiv cov cim pib thiab xaus. Lawv yuav zoo li no:
Thaum kawg, txuag cov ntaub ntawv li your_domain.pem.
PEM puas yog ib yam li daim ntawv CRT?
No. PEM thiab CRT cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam; ob hom ntaub ntawv sawv cev sib txawv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem pov thawj. PEM cov ntaub ntawv yog cov thawv ntim los txheeb xyuas thiab txiav tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tus neeg rau zaub mov xa. CRT (uas sawv cev rau daim ntawv pov thawj) cov ntaub ntawv sawv cev rau daim ntawv pov thawj kos npe thov. CRT cov ntaub ntawv yog ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov tswv cuab yam tsis muaj tus yuam sij nkag. Cov ntaub ntawv CRT muaj cov yuam sij rau pej xeem nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv.
