Lub hauv paus ua haujlwm (CPU) yog lub khoos phis tawj uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhais lus thiab ua tiav feem ntau ntawm cov lus txib los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj lwm yam khoom siv thiab software.
Hom khoom siv uas siv CPUs
Txhua yam khoom siv siv CPU, suav nrog lub desktop, laptop, thiab ntsiav tshuaj computers, smartphones, txawm tias koj lub TV tiaj tus.
Intel thiab AMD yog ob lub tuam txhab CPU nrov tshaj plaws rau desktops, laptops, thiab servers, thaum Apple, NVIDIA, thiab Qualcomm yog cov tuam txhab loj smartphone thiab ntsiav tshuaj CPU.
Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub npe sib txawv siv los piav txog CPU, suav nrog processor, computer processor, microprocessor, central processor, thiab "lub hlwb ntawm lub computer."
Computer saib lossis hard drives qee zaum tsis raug hu ua CPU, tab sis cov khoom kho vajtse ua haujlwm sib txawv kiag li thiab tsis zoo ib yam li CPU.
CPU zoo li cas thiab nws nyob qhov twg
A niaj hnub CPU feem ntau yog me me thiab square, nrog ntau luv luv, sib npaug, nws yog xim hlau txuas rau hauv qab. Qee cov CPUs qub muaj tus pins hloov cov khoom siv hlau.
CPU txuas ncaj qha rau CPU "socket" (lossis qee zaum "qhov") ntawm lub motherboard. Lub CPU tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov (socket) tus pin-sab-down, thiab lub zog me me pab kom ruaj ntseg processor.
Tom qab ua haujlwm txawm tias luv luv, CPUs niaj hnub tuaj yeem kub heev. Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov cua sov no, nws yuav luag ib txwm tsim nyog los txuas lub dab dej kub thiab kiv cua ncaj qha rau saum CPU. Feem ntau, cov no tuaj nrog kev yuav CPU.
Lwm yam kev ua kom txias txias ntxiv kuj muaj, suav nrog cov khoom siv dej txias thiab cov theem hloov pauv.
Tsis yog txhua lub CPUs muaj pins ntawm lawv sab hauv qab, tab sis hauv cov uas ua, cov pins tau yooj yim khoov. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum tuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj txhim kho lawv rau hauv lub motherboard.
CPU Clock Ceev
Lub moos ceev ntawm lub processor yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus qhia nws tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho thib ob, ntsuas hauv gigahertz (GHz).
Piv txwv li, CPU muaj lub moos ceev ntawm 1 Hz yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ib daim ntawv qhia txhua ob. Extrapolating qhov no mus rau qhov piv txwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: CPU nrog lub moos ceev ntawm 3.0 GHz tuaj yeem ua tiav 3 billion cov lus qhia txhua ob.
CPU Cores
Qee cov khoom siv ib leeg-ntxhais processor thaum lwm tus yuav muaj dual-core (los yog quad-core, thiab lwm yam) processor. Kev khiav ob lub processor ua haujlwm ib sab txhais tau hais tias CPU tuaj yeem tswj hwm ob zaug cov lus qhia txhua ob, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.
Qee CPUs tuaj yeem virtualize ob lub cores rau txhua tus tub ntxhais lub cev uas muaj, cov txheej txheem hu ua Hyper-Threading. Virtualizing txhais tau hais tias CPU nrog tsuas yog plaub cores tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li nws muaj yim, nrog rau qhov ntxiv virtual CPU cores hu ua cov xov sib cais. Lub cev cores, txawm li cas los xij, ua tau zoo dua li cov virtual.
CPU tso cai, qee daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem siv qhov hu ua multithreading. Yog hais tias ib tug xov yog to taub raws li ib tug ib feem ntawm lub computer txheej txheem, ces siv ntau threads nyob rau hauv ib tug CPU core txhais tau tias ntau cov lus qhia yuav to taub thiab ua tiav ib zaug. Qee cov software tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv no ntawm ntau dua ib tus tub ntxhais CPU, uas txhais tau tias ntau cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua tiav ib txhij.
Piv txwv: Intel Core i3 vs. i5 vs. i7
Rau qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm qee qhov CPUs nrawm dua li lwm tus, cia peb saib seb Intel tau tsim nws cov txheej txheem li cas.
Ib yam li koj yuav xav tau los ntawm lawv lub npe, Intel Core i7 chips ua tau zoo dua li i5 chips, uas ua tau zoo dua li i3 chips. Yog vim li cas ib tug ua tau zoo los yog phem tshaj lwm tus yog complex me ntsis tab sis tseem zoo nkauj to taub.
Intel Core i3 processors yog dual-core processors, thaum i5 thiab i7 chips yog plaub-core.
Turbo Boost yog ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv i5 thiab i7 chips uas ua rau lub processor nce nws lub moos nrawm dhau los ntawm nws lub hauv paus ceev, xws li los ntawm 3.0 GHz mus rau 3.5 GHz, thaum twg nws xav tau. Intel Core i3 chips tsis muaj lub peev xwm no. Cov qauv txheej txheem xaus rau hauv "K" tuaj yeem overclocked, uas txhais tau hais tias lub moos ntxiv no tuaj yeem raug yuam thiab siv txhua lub sijhawm; Kawm paub ntxiv txog vim li cas koj thiaj li overclock koj lub computer.
Hyper-Threading ua rau ob txoj xov ua tiav rau txhua tus tub ntxhais CPU. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias i3 processors nrog Hyper-Threading txhawb nqa tsuas yog plaub lub tib lub sijhawm (vim lawv yog dual-core processors). Intel Core i5 processors tsis txhawb Hyper-Threading, uas txhais tau tias lawv, ib yam nkaus, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog plaub threads tib lub sijhawm. i7 processors, txawm li cas los xij, txhawb cov thev naus laus zis no, thiab yog li ntawd (ua quad-core) tuaj yeem ua 8 threads tib lub sijhawm.
Vim yog lub zog txwv tsis pub muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj lub zog txuas ntxiv (cov khoom siv roj teeb xws li smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam), lawv cov processors-tsis hais yog tias lawv yog i3, i5, lossis i7-sib txawv ntawm desktop CPUs uas lawv yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.
Xav paub ntxiv ntawm CPUs
Tsis yog lub moos ceev, lossis tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm CPU cores, yog qhov tseem ceeb txiav txim siab seb ib CPU yog "zoo dua" dua li lwm tus. Nws feem ntau nyob ntawm hom software uas khiav ntawm lub computer-hauv lwm lo lus, cov ntawv thov uas yuav siv CPU.
Ib qho CPU yuav muaj lub moos qis tab sis yog quad-core processor, thaum lwm tus muaj lub moos ceev tab sis tsuas yog lub processor dual-core xwb. Kev txiav txim siab seb CPU twg yuav ua tau zoo dua lwm tus, dua, nyob ntawm txhua qhov CPU tau siv rau.
Piv txwv li, CPU-xav tau qhov kev pab cuam kho video uas ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog ntau lub CPU cores yuav ua haujlwm zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem multicore nrog qis moos nrawm dua li qhov nws xav tau ntawm CPU ib leeg nrog lub moos ceev. Tsis yog txhua tus software, games, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv tau ntau dua li ib lossis ob lub cores, ua rau muaj ntau dua CPU cores zoo nkauj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Lwm yam ntawm CPU yog cache. CPU cache zoo li qhov chaw tuav ib ntus rau cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau zaus. Es tsis txhob hu rau qhov kev nkag mus rau qhov cim xeeb rau cov khoom no, CPU txiav txim siab seb cov ntaub ntawv koj zoo li yuav siv li cas, xav tias koj yuav xav siv nws, thiab khaws cia rau hauv cache. Cache sai dua li siv RAM vim nws yog ib feem ntawm lub cev ntawm lub processor; ntau cache txhais tau tias ntau qhov chaw tuav cov ntaub ntawv no.
Txawm tias koj lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem khiav 32-ntsis lossis 64-ntsis operating system nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv units uas CPU tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Ntau lub cim xeeb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau ib zaug thiab hauv cov khoom loj dua nrog 64-ntsis processor dua li 32-ntsis ib qho, uas yog vim li cas kev khiav haujlwm thiab cov ntawv thov uas 64-ntsis tshwj xeeb tsis tuaj yeem khiav ntawm 32-ntsis processor.
Koj tuaj yeem pom lub khoos phis tawj CPU cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv kho vajtse, nrog cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm pub dawb feem ntau.
Tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem muaj nyob hauv cov khoos phis tawj ua lag luam, quantum processors tau tsim rau quantum computers siv cov kev tshawb fawb tom qab quantum mechanics.
Txhua lub motherboard tsuas yog txhawb nqa qee yam ntawm CPU hom, yog li nco ntsoov xyuas nrog koj lub chaw tsim khoom motherboard ua ntej ua kev yuav khoom.
FAQ
Kuv yuav kuaj CPU li cas?
Txhawm rau ntsuas koj lub khoos phis tawj CPU kub ntawm lub Windows PC, siv qhov kev saib xyuas dawb lossis tus nqi qis xws li SpeedFan, Real Temp, lossis CPU Thermometer. Cov neeg siv Mac yuav tsum rub tawm System Monitor los saib xyuas CPU kub, ua haujlwm thauj khoom, thiab ntau dua.
Kuv yuav ua li cas ntxuav cov thermal paste tawm ntawm CPU?
Siv ib qho isopropyl so kom maj mam so cov thermal muab tshuaj tawm ntawm koj lub qhov (socket LGA). Nco ntsoov so hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim. Rov ua cov txheej txheem raws li qhov tsim nyog, siv cov ntaub so tshiab nrog txhua qhov kev siv zog.
Kuv yuav txo qis kev siv CPU li cas?
Txhawm rau txo qis kev siv CPU, tso qhov chaw los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem koj tsis xav tau ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem sim defragmenting koj lub PC Windows, khiav ib lossis ob qhov kev pab cuam ib zaug, thiab tshem tawm cov kev pab cuam uas koj tsis xav tau.
