Key Takeaways
- Ua kom siv tau quantum computers tuaj yeem nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv.
- Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oak Ridge National Laboratory tau tshawb pom ib txoj hauv kev los nrhiav cov hluav taws xob txuas nrog qhov tseeb heev.
- Superconducting quantum computers tam sim no tuav cov thev naus laus zis sib tw hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm processor loj.
Cov khoos phis tawj quantum yuav tuaj sai sai nrog qhov cuam tshuam loj rau txhua yam los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj mus rau kev ua txhaum cai.
Nyob rau hauv ib kauj ruam mus rau kev tsim lub tshuab quantum zoo dua, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oak Ridge National Laboratory tsis ntev los no tau ntsuas cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm ib qho atomically ntse hlau taub hau thiab superconductor. Txoj kev tshiab no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txav uas tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv.
"Superconducting circuits yog tam sim no-khiav pem hauv ntej rau kev tsim quantum khoom (qubits) thiab quantum rooj vag hauv kho vajtse," Toby Cubitt, tus thawj coj ntawm Phasecraft, lub tuam txhab uas tsim cov algorithms rau quantum daim ntawv thov, hais rau Lifewire hauv email. xam phaj. "Superconducting qubits yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov neeg siab thiab yoog raws."
Spooky Action
Quantum computers coj kom zoo dua qhov tseeb tias cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem dhia ntawm ib lub cev mus rau lwm qhov los ntawm qhov chaw siv cov khoom tsis meej ntawm quantum physics. Yog tias ib qho hluav taws xob ua ke nrog lwm tus electron txoj cai ntawm qhov chaw uas hlau thiab superconductor sib ntsib, nws tuaj yeem tsim qhov hu ua Cooper khub. Lub superconductor tseem tso tawm lwm yam khoom rau hauv cov hlau, hu ua Andreev xav txog. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau saib rau Andreev qhov kev xav no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas Cooper khub.
A alto University / Jose Lado
Oak Ridge cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsuas cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm lub atomically ntse hlau taub thiab lub superconductor. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau lawv txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm Andreev qhov kev xav rov qab los rau lub superconductor.
Cov txheej txheem no tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab cov qauv quantum sab hauv ntawm cov kab txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hu ua unconventional superconductors, uas ua rau peb daws tau ntau yam teeb meem qhib hauv quantum cov ntaub ntawv, Jose Lado, tus pab xibfwb ntawm A alto University, uas tau muab kev txhawb nqa theoretical rau kev tshawb fawb, tau hais hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm.
Igor Zacharov, tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm Quantum Information Processing Laboratory, Skoltech hauv Moscow, hais rau Lifewire ntawm email tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob superconductor yog lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem uas cov hluav taws xob tsis poob lub zog los ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub nuclei thaum ua qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws tsis tau.
"Txawm hais tias electrons lossis nuclei muaj quantum lub xeev uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev suav, superconducting tam sim no coj tus cwj pwm macro quantum nrog quantum zog," nws hais ntxiv. "Yog li ntawd, peb rov qab tau qhov xwm txheej uas lub xeev macro yuav raug siv los npaj cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm thaum nws muaj cov teebmeem quantum uas yuav ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua."
Ib qho kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws hauv quantum xam hnub no hais txog yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem ua kom superconductors ua tau zoo dua.
Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej
Superconducting quantum computers tam sim no tuav cov thev naus laus zis sib tw hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm processor loj, Cubitt tau hais. Google tau nthuav tawm qhov hu ua "quantum supremacy" ntawm 53-qubit superconducting ntaus ntawv hauv 2019. IBM nyuam qhuav pib lub computer quantum nrog 127 superconducting qubits, thiab Rigetti tau tshaj tawm 80-qubit superconducting nti.
"Txhua lub tuam txhab kho vajtse quantum muaj cov phiaj xwm kev xav tau los ntsuas lawv cov khoos phis tawj nyob rau yav tom ntej," Cubitt ntxiv. "Qhov no tau raug tsav los ntawm ntau yam kev nce qib hauv engineering, uas tau ua kom muaj kev txhim kho ntawm qubit tsim thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws rau cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb no yog kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov rooj vag, piv txwv li, txhim kho qhov tseeb nrog cov processor. tuaj yeem tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab khiav kev suav."
Cov superconductors zoo dua tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov quantum computers. Michael Biercuk, CEO ntawm quantum xam lub tuam txhab Q-CTRL, tau hais hauv kev sib tham hauv email tias feem ntau tam sim no quantum xam tshuab siv niobium alloys thiab txhuas, uas superconductivity tau pom nyob rau hauv 1950s thiab 1960s.
"Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv quantum xam hnub no hais txog qhov peb tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tau zoo dua," Biercuk ntxiv. "Piv txwv li, impurities nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog cov qauv ntawm cov deposited hlau tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab nrov thiab kev ua haujlwm degradation hauv quantum computers-cov no ua rau cov txheej txheem hu ua decoherence uas 'quantumness' ntawm lub cev poob."
Quantum xam yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qubit thiab tus lej ntawm qubits, Zacharov piav qhia. Txhua lub sijhawm qubit cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig, xws li tau txais cov cim rau 'programming,' nws tuaj yeem poob nws lub xeev entangled.
"Thaum peb pom kev nce qib me me hauv txhua qhov kev qhia thev naus laus zis, kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo tseem tsis paub tseeb," nws hais ntxiv.
The 'Holy Grail' ntawm quantum xam yog ib qho cuab yeej nrog ntau pua qubits thiab qhov ua yuam kev tsawg. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo li cas lawv yuav ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, tab sis ib lo lus teb tau yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
"Tus naj npawb ntawm qubits hauv silicon superconducting ntaus ntawv ua rau muaj kev xav tau rau cov tshuab txias txias uas tuaj yeem tsav cov haujlwm ua haujlwm loj nyob ze rau qhov tsis muaj qhov ntsuas kub," Zacharov hais.
