Key Takeaways
- Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab yooj yim tau tshoov siab ua ntej tsis ntev los no hauv quantum xam.
- Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Stanford tau tsim cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov khoom siv suab nrov uas siv lub zog txav.
- Quantum suav tau ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb hauv xyoo tas los no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog kev ua qauv qhia ntawm qhov hu ua quantum supremacy.
Agnetta Cleland
Kev siv quantum computers yuav yog ib kauj ruam ze dua rau qhov tseeb ua tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshwm sim los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab yooj yim.
Stanford University cov kws tshawb fawb tau thov kom tau tsim cov cuab yeej sim tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej quantum physics-based technologies. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li cov twj paj nruag acoustic uas siv zog, xws li oscillator uas ntsuas kev txav hauv xov tooj. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog loj zuj zus los siv lub zog coj txawv txawv ntawm quantum mechanics rau kev suav.
"Txawm hais tias ntau lub tuam txhab tab tom sim nrog quantum xam niaj hnub no, kev siv tswv yim dhau ntawm 'cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub tswv yim' tej zaum 2-3 xyoos tam sim ntawd," Yuval Boger, tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab quantum xam Classiq hais rau Lifewire hauv kev xam phaj email. "Lub sijhawm xyoo no, cov khoos phis tawj loj thiab muaj peev xwm ntau dua yuav raug qhia, thiab software platforms uas tso cai rau kev siv cov tshuab yuav los tom ntej no."
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Mechanical Systems hauv Quantum Computing
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Stanford tab tom sim coj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuab tshuab mus rau qhov ntsuas quantum. Raws li lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv journal Nature, lawv tau ua tiav lub hom phiaj no los ntawm kev koom nrog cov oscillators me me nrog lub voj voog uas tuaj yeem khaws thiab ua kom muaj zog hauv qubit, lossis quantum 'ntsis' cov ntaub ntawv. Cov qubits tsim cov teebmeem quantum mechanical uas tuaj yeem ua lub zog siab hauv computers.
Txoj kev muaj tiag ua haujlwm ntawm quantum mechanical level yog txawv heev ntawm peb cov kev paub txog macroscopic ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
"Nrog rau cov cuab yeej no, peb tau qhia txog cov kauj ruam tom ntej tseem ceeb hauv kev sim tsim quantum computers thiab lwm yam khoom siv quantum muaj txiaj ntsig raws li cov tshuab siv tshuab," Amir Safavi-Naeini, tus kws sau ntawv laus ntawm daim ntawv, tau hais hauv xov xwm tawm. "Peb tab tom nrhiav los tsim 'cov tshuab quantum mechanical' systems."
Ua cov khoom siv tshuab me me tau ua haujlwm ntau. Pab neeg no yuav tsum ua cov khoom siv kho vajtse ntawm nanometer-scale daws teeb meem thiab muab tso rau hauv ob lub silicon computer chips. Cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab ntawd tau ua ib hom qhaub cij uas dai ob lub chips ua ke, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nti hauv qab tau ntsib cov nyob rau saum ib nrab.
Cov nti hauv qab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txhuas uas ua rau cov cuab yeej qubit. Xa lub microwave pulses rau hauv Circuit Court no generates photons (particles ntawm lub teeb), uas encode ib tug qubit ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab.
Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas sawv cev rau 0 lossis 1, qubits hauv quantum mechanical devices kuj tuaj yeem sawv cev ua ke ntawm 0 thiab 1 ib txhij. Qhov tshwm sim hu ua superposition tso cai rau quantum system tawm hauv ntau lub xeev quantum ib zaug kom txog rau thaum ntsuas ntsuas.
"Txoj kev muaj tiag ua haujlwm ntawm qib quantum mechanical yog qhov txawv ntawm peb qhov kev paub txog macroscopic ntawm lub ntiaj teb," said Safavi-Naeini.
Agnetta Cleland
Kev nce qib hauv Quantum Computing
Quantum thev naus laus zis tau nce mus sai, tseem muaj cov teeb meem kom tshem tawm ua ntej nws npaj rau cov ntawv thov siv tau, Itamar Sivan, CEO ntawm Quantum Machines, hais rau Lifewire hauv kev xam phaj email.
"Quantum xam yog tej zaum qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws moonshot peb li ib haiv neeg tau nyob nrog tam sim no," Sivan hais. "Rau nws los ua cov tswv yim, nws yuav xav tau kev nce qib tseem ceeb thiab kev ua tiav hauv ntau txheej txheej ntawm quantum suav pawg."
Tam sim no, quantum computers raug haunted los ntawm lub suab nrov uas txhais tau hais tias, dhau sijhawm, qubits dhau los ua suab nrov uas peb tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lawv, thiab lawv dhau los ua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, Zak Romaszko, tus kws tshaj lij nrog cov tuam txhab Universal Quantum tau hais hauv email.
"Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau hais tias algorithms rau quantum computers tsuas yog siv sijhawm me me lossis ua haujlwm ua ntej ua tsis tiav," Romaszko hais. "Nws tsis paub meej tias lub suab nrov no puas tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo, txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias simulating cov tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim tau ncav cuag."
Quantum suav tau ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb hauv xyoo tas los no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog kev ua qauv qhia hu ua 'quantum supremacy' nyob rau hauv uas lub quantum computer ua haujlwm uas cov neeg sau ntawv thov yuav tau siv lub tshuab tsis tu ncua txog 10,000. xyoo kom tiav. Romaszko tau hais tias "Muaj qee qhov kev sib cav txog seb lub khoos phis tawj li niaj zaus yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas, tab sis nws tseem yog qhov ua piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws," Romaszko hais.
Thaum qhov teeb meem kev daws teeb meem raug daws, Sivan kwv yees tias nyob rau ob peb xyoos, quantum suav yuav pib muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txhua yam los ntawm cryptography mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv."Xav seb qhov sib txawv ntawm Covid-19 yuav muaj li cas yog tias quantum computers tuaj yeem pab nrhiav pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm," nws hais.
