Key Takeaways
- Kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau nthuav tawm ib txoj hauv kev los ua quantum khoom siv siv lead ua.
- Qhov kev tshawb pom tuaj yeem pab nthuav tawm lub peev xwm ntawm quantum xam kev hloov pauv.
- Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab tias quantum computers yuav hloov koj lub laptop txhua lub sijhawm sai sai.
Physicists tab tom siv txoj kev txawv txawv ntawm atoms sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los tsim quantum computers.
Atomic defects nyob rau hauv ib co crystals yuav pab unleash lub peev xwm ntawm lub quantum xam kiv puag ncig, raws li nrhiav tau los ntawm Northeastern University cov kws tshawb fawb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias lawv tau tshawb pom txoj hauv kev tshiab los ua quantum me ntsis siv cov muaju. Kev nce qib hauv quantum technologies, uas siv cov khoom ntawm quantum physics hu ua entanglement, tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab siv zog.
"Entanglement yog ib lo lus zoo rau kev tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau lawv ua zoo li lawv tau sib koom ua ke," Vincent Berk, CRO & CSO ntawm lub tuam txhab quantum xam Quantum Xchange hais rau Lifewire hauv kev sib tham email.
"Txoj kev sib raug zoo no yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws tso cai rau kev ua ntawm ib qho ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm tus. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub zog ntawm kev suav los hauv: thaum lub xeev ntawm ib yam tuaj yeem hloov lossis cuam tshuam rau lwm lub xeev.. Qhov tseeb, raws li daim ntawv cog lus vwm no, peb muaj peev xwm sawv cev rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tau ntawm kev suav hauv ob peb qhov xwb."
Quantum Bits
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia hauv daim ntawv tsis ntev los no hauv Xwm Txheej uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb, kev hloov pauv ob sab ntawm cov hlau dichalcogenides, muaj cov khoom siv atomic los ua quantum me ntsis, lossis qubit luv luv, uas yog lub tsev. block rau quantum technologies.
"Yog tias peb tuaj yeem kawm paub yuav ua li cas los tsim qubits hauv ob-dimensional matrix, qhov ntawd yog qhov loj, loj," Arun Bansil, tus kws tshaj lij physics ntawm Northeastern thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm daim ntawv, tau hais hauv xov xwm tso.
Bansil thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau sifted los ntawm ntau pua ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ua ke kom pom cov neeg muaj peev xwm hosting qubit siv computer algorithms siab heev.
"Thaum peb saib ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum kawg, peb pom tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo-kwv yees li kaum ob lossis li ntawd," Bansil hais. "Ob qho khoom siv thiab hom tsis xws luag yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no vim tias hauv txoj cai muaj ntau hom kev tsis xws luag uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm txhua yam khoom siv."
Qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb yog qhov hu ua "antisite" qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm ob qhov kev hloov pauv hlau dichalcogenides nqa qee yam hu ua "kiv" nrog nws. Spin, tseem hu ua angular momentum, piav qhia txog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas tau hais tseg hauv ib qho ntawm ob lub xeev muaj peev xwm: nce lossis nqis, Bansil tau hais.
Ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm quantum mechanics yog cov khoom xws li - atoms, electrons, photons - tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, Mark Mattingley-Scott, Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj EMEA ntawm lub tuam txhab quantum xam Quantum Brilliance, tau hais hauv ib qho. email.
Yog tias peb tuaj yeem kawm paub yuav ua li cas los tsim cov qubits hauv ob lub ntsiab lus matrix, qhov ntawd yog qhov loj, loj.
"Quantum computers siv qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qubits, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua tau yooj yim quantum mechanical system, kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas peb tuaj yeem tshawb pom nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thaum peb khiav qhov kev pab cuam quantum," nws ntxiv.
Quantum Leap
Txawm hais tias qhov kev ua tiav tsis ntev los no hauv qubits, tsis txhob cia siab tias quantum computers yuav hloov koj lub laptop txhua lub sijhawm sai sai. Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis paub txog lub cev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub computer quantum, Michael Raymer, tus kws tshaj lij physics ntawm University of Oregon uas kawm txog quantum suav, hais rau Lifewire hauv email.
"Nws zoo li tias nyob rau kaum xyoo tom ntej, yuav tsis muaj QC loj thoob ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem daws teeb meem quantum zoo," Raymer hais. "Yog li, tib neeg tab tom tsim cov qauv siv ntau yam khoom siv 'platforms.'"
Qee qhov kev tshaj lij tshaj plaws siv cov ions raug kaw, suav nrog cov tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li ionQ thiab Quantinuum. "Cov no muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas txhua lub atoms ntawm ib hom (hais sodium) yog nruj me ntsis zoo tib yam, ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo," Raymer hais.
Cov ntawv thov yav tom ntej rau quantum suav yog qhov tsis muaj kev txwv, boosters hais.
"Kev teb cov lus nug no zoo ib yam los teb tib lo lus nug txog cov khoos phis tawj digital rov qab rau xyoo 1960," Raymer hais. "Tsis muaj leej twg raug kwv yees cov lus teb tam sim no, thiab tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ua tau tam sim no. Tab sis lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb muaj txhua qhov kev ntseeg siab tias, yog tias thev naus laus zis ua tiav, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li kev hloov pauv semiconductor ntawm 1990s-2000s."
