Sau npe raws li URL, Uniform Resource Locator yog ib txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv internet. Lawv yog qhov peb siv los qhib tsis yog cov vev xaib xwb, tab sis kuj tseem rub tawm cov duab, yeeb yaj kiab, software programs, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas tau tuav ntawm server.
Qhib cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj yog qhov yooj yim li ob npaug nyem nws, tab sis qhib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoos phis tawj nyob deb, zoo li lub vev xaib servers, peb yuav tsum siv URLs kom peb lub web browser paub qhov chaw saib. Piv txwv li, qhib cov ntaub ntawv HTML uas sawv cev rau nplooj ntawv web uas tau piav qhia hauv qab no, yog ua tiav los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia bar nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov browser koj siv.
Lwm Lub Npe
Uniform Resource Locators feem ntau yog luv li URLs tab sis lawv tseem hu ua lub vev xaib chaw nyob thaum lawv xa mus rau URLs uas siv HTTP lossis HTTPS raws tu qauv.
URL feem ntau yog hais nrog txhua tsab ntawv hais tus kheej (piv txwv li, u - r - l, tsis yog earl). Nws tau siv los ua cov ntawv luv rau Universal Resource Locator ua ntej hloov mus rau Uniform Resource Locator hauv 1994.
Piv txwv ntawm URLs
Tej zaum koj tau siv los nkag rau hauv URL, zoo li qhov no rau kev nkag mus rau Google lub vev xaib:
https://www.google.com
Txhua qhov chaw nyob yog hu ua URL. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog lub vev xaib no (thawj) thiab Microsoft lub (thib ob):
https://www.lifewire.comhttps://www.microsoft.com
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhib qhov URL ncaj qha rau cov duab. Piv txwv li, qhov URL hauv qab no ua rau Google lub logo ntawm Wikipedia lub vev xaib:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Google_2015_logo.svg/220px-Google_2015_logo.svg.png
Koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws pib nrog https: thiab muaj qhov URL saib tsis tu ncua zoo li cov piv txwv saum toj no, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj ntau cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov lej txhawm rau taw qhia koj mus rau daim nplaub tshev thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas cov duab nyob hauv lub vev xaib server.
Tib lub tswv yim siv tau thaum koj nkag mus rau lub router nplooj ntawv nkag; tus router tus IP chaw nyob yog siv los ua qhov URL txhawm rau qhib nplooj ntawv teeb tsa.
Peb feem ntau paub txog cov hom URLs uas peb siv hauv lub vev xaib zoo li Firefox lossis Chrome, tab sis cov no tsis yog tib qho piv txwv uas koj yuav xav tau URL.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov piv txwv no, koj siv HTTP raws tu qauv los qhib lub vev xaib, uas zoo li tib neeg feem ntau ntsib, tab sis muaj lwm yam kev cai uas koj siv tau, ib yam li FTP, TELNET, MAILTO, thiab RDP. Ib qhov URL tseem tuaj yeem taw tes rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos koj muaj nyob rau ntawm lub hard drive. Txhua tus txheej txheem yuav muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem syntax thiaj li mus txog qhov chaw.
qauv ntawm URL
Ib qho URL tuaj yeem tawg mus rau ntau ntu, txhua daim ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thaum nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob deb.
HTTP thiab FTP URLs tau teeb tsa tib yam, raws li protocol://hostname/fileinfo. Piv txwv li, nkag mus rau FTP cov ntaub ntawv nrog nws qhov URL yuav zoo li qhov no:
FTP://servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx
Yuav ua li cas, ib sab ntawm kev muaj FTP hloov HTTP, zoo li lwm qhov URL uas koj tuaj yeem ntsib tawm ntawm lub vev xaib.
Cia peb siv qhov URL hauv qab no ua piv txwv ntawm qhov chaw nyob HTTP thiab txheeb xyuas txhua ntu:
https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html
- https yog raws tu qauv (zoo li FTP yog ib txoj cai) uas txhais cov hom server uas koj tab tom sib txuas lus nrog.
- kev ruaj ntseg yog tus tswv lub npe siv los nkag rau lub vev xaib tshwj xeeb no.
- googleblog is the domain name.
- com yog qhov hu ua tus sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus (TLD), qee qhov uas suav nrog.net,.org,.co.uk, thiab lwm yam.
- /2018/01/ sawv cev rau cov npe siv los teeb tsa lub vev xaib lossis cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm lub vev xaib neeg rau zaub mov uas tuav lub vev xaib cov ntaub ntawv, cov no yuav yog cov folders tiag tiag uas koj yuav tau nyem los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov URL no tau qhia.
- todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html yog cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag uas URL yog taw rau. Yog tias koj tab tom sim thauj cov duab, cov ntaub ntawv audio, lossis lwm hom ntaub ntawv tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv HTML, ces URL yuav xaus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv (xws li-p.webp" />.
- security.googleblog.com raws li ib pab pawg hu ua Lub Npe Tag Nrho Tsim Nyog (FQDN).
URL Syntax Rules
Tsuas yog cov lej, ntawv, thiab cov cim hauv qab no tso cai rau hauv URL: ()!$-'_+.
Lwm cov cim yuav tsum tau encoded (txhais mus rau programming code) thiaj li yuav tau txais.
Qee qhov URLs muaj qhov txwv uas cais nws tawm ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntxiv. Piv txwv li, thaum koj ua Google tshawb rau lifewire:
https://www.google.com/search?q=lifewire
Cov lus nug uas koj pom yog qhia ib tsab ntawv, tuav ntawm Google tus neeg rau zaub mov, uas koj xav xa cov lus txib tshwj xeeb rau nws kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig kev cai.
Cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas Google siv los ua kev tshawb fawb paub tias txawm li cas los xij ua raws li ?q=ib feem ntawm URL yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas raws li cov lus tshawb fawb, yog li dab tsi yog ntaus ntawm qhov ntawd taw tes hauv URL yog siv los tshawb hauv Google lub tshuab tshawb nrhiav.
Koj tuaj yeem pom tus cwj pwm zoo sib xws hauv URL hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv YouTube no rau cov yeeb yaj kiab miv zoo tshaj plaws:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=best+cat+videos
Txawm hais tias qhov chaw tsis tso cai rau hauv URL, qee lub vev xaib siv + kos npe, uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv Google thiab YouTube piv txwv. Lwm tus siv qhov sib npaug sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw, uas yog %20.
Qee qhov URLs tuaj yeem sib pauv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tuaj yeem pom thaum ntxiv lub sijhawm rau YouTube video. Qee qhov txuas yuav tsum muaj ampersand thiab lwm tus siv cov lus nug.
URLs kuj tuaj yeem siv thauj tog rau nkoj. Cov no yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg thiab piav qhia qhov twg, ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawd, kom dhia mus rau thaum xaiv qhov txuas. Anchors yog tsim thaum ntxiv cov txuas mus rau nplooj ntawv web, thiab lawv siv tus lej kos npe (). Nov yog ib qho piv txwv hauv Wikipedia nkag qhov twg lub thauj tog rau nkoj coj koj mus rau lwm qhov ntawm nplooj ntawv:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LifewireHistory
URLs uas siv ntau qhov sib txawv siv ib lossis ntau qhov ampersands tom qab cov lus nug kos. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov piv txwv ntawm no rau kev tshawb nrhiav Amazon.com rau Windows 10:
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=windows+10
Qhov sib txawv thawj zaug, url, yog ua ntej los ntawm cov lus nug tab sis qhov sib txawv tom ntej, field-keywords, yog ua ntej los ntawm ib qho ampersand. Cov kev hloov pauv ntxiv kuj tseem yuav ua ntej los ntawm ampersand.
Qhov ntawm URL yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb-tshwj xeeb, txhua yam tom qab lub npe sau npe (cov npe thiab cov ntaub ntawv npe). Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov no rau koj tus kheej yog tias koj sau lo lus "xav tau" hauv qhov piv txwv URL los ntawm Google uas peb tau tsim los saum toj no, ua qhov kawg ntawm URL nyeem todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-NEED.htmlSim qhib nplooj ntawv ntawd thiab koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws tsis thauj khoom vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tsis muaj nyob hauv server.
Xav paub ntxiv ntawm URLs
Yog tias URL taw qhia koj rau cov ntaub ntawv uas koj lub vev xaib tuaj yeem tso tawm, zoo li-j.webp
URLs muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau peb nkag mus rau tus server tus IP chaw nyob yam tsis tas yuav paub qhov chaw nyob tiag tiag. Lawv zoo li cov npe yooj yim-rau-nco rau peb cov vev xaib nyiam. Qhov kev txhais lus no los ntawm URL mus rau qhov chaw nyob IP yog dab tsi DNS servers siv rau.
Qee qhov URLs yog qhov ntev thiab nyuaj thiab siv tau zoo tshaj yog tias koj nyem nws ua qhov txuas lossis luam / muab tso rau hauv qhov browser qhov chaw nyob. Ib qho yuam kev hauv URL tuaj yeem tsim 400-series HTTP xwm txheej yuam kev, hom feem ntau yog 404 yuam kev.
Yog tias koj sim nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv uas tsis muaj nyob hauv server, koj yuav tau txais 404 yuam kev. Cov kev ua yuam kev no muaj ntau heev uas koj yuav pom kev cai, feem ntau humorous, versions ntawm lawv ntawm qee lub vev xaib. Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nkag mus rau lub vev xaib lossis cov ntaub ntawv online uas koj xav tias yuav tsum tau thauj khoom ib txwm, sim daws qhov URL.
Feem ntau URLs tsis tas yuav muab lub npe chaw nres nkoj. Qhib google.com, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev qhia nws tus lej chaw nres nkoj thaum kawg xws li https://www.google.com:80 tab sis tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias lub vev xaib tau ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres nkoj 8080 hloov pauv, koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv ntawd.
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, FTP chaw siv chaw nres nkoj 21, tab sis lwm tus yuav raug teeb tsa ntawm chaw nres nkoj 22 lossis qee yam txawv. Yog tias lub vev xaib FTP tsis siv chaw nres nkoj 21, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov twg nws siv txhawm rau nkag mus rau lub server kom raug. Tib lub tswv yim siv rau txhua qhov URL uas siv qhov chaw nres nkoj sib txawv dua li qhov kev pab cuam siv los nkag rau qhov kev xav los ntawm lub neej ntawd nws siv.
FAQ
Kuv tuaj yeem thaiv qhov URL?
Yog. Yuav ua li cas koj thaiv lub vev xaib nyob ntawm koj lub cuab yeej thiab kev khiav haujlwm. Feem ntau cov web browsers cia koj thaiv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab koj tuaj yeem thaiv qhov URL ntawm koj lub network tag nrho ntawm koj qhov chaw router.
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov vanity URL?
Ib qho tsis zoo URL yog qhov luv luv, nco URL uas hloov mus los ntawm qhov ntev dua, nyuaj dua URL. Txhawm rau teeb tsa qhov tsis zoo URL, siv lub URL luv luv uas muaj kev cai sau npe.
Tus hu rov qab URL yog dab tsi?
Ib callback URL yog nplooj ntawv uas cov neeg siv raug xa rov qab tom qab ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim hauv lwm lub vev xaib lossis qhov program. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj ua ib qho kev yuav khoom hauv lub vev xaib thiab tau qhia rau tus neeg thib peb them nyiaj, koj yuav raug xa mus rau qhov hu rov qab URL (feem ntau yog nplooj ntawv lees paub) ntawm qhov chaw qub tom qab ua tiav cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm.
Qhov txawv ntawm HTTP thiab HTTPS yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv loj ntawm HTTP thiab HTTPS yog HTTPS muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau siv tas li ntawm cov vev xaib uas cov ntaub ntawv ruaj ntseg yuav tsum tau xa mus.
