Quantum suav siv quantum mechanics los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntawm qhov tsis ntseeg siab ntawm qhov ceev. Nws yuav siv li ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb teev rau lub computer quantum los daws qhov teeb meem uas lub khoos phis tawj desktop yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo lossis ntau xyoo los daws.
Quantum xam yog teeb tsa theem rau lub cim tshiab ntawm supercomputers. Cov khoos phis tawj quantum no yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm hauv thaj chaw xws li kev ua qauv, kev xa khoom, kev tsom xam, cryptography, thiab kev txawj ntse.
Quantum Computing piav qhia
Lub tswv yim ntawm quantum xam tau pom thawj zaug thaum xyoo 1980 los ntawm Richard Feynman thiab Yuri Manin. Feynman thiab Manin ntseeg tias lub computer quantum tuaj yeem sim cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj hauv kev uas lub khoos phis tawj tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Nws tsis yog txog thaum lig 1990s uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thawj quantum computers.
Quantum suav siv quantum mechanics, xws li superposition thiab entanglement, ua kev suav. Quantum mechanics yog ib ceg ntawm physics uas kawm txog tej yam me me, cais, lossis txias.
Lub chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm quantum xam yog quantum khoom lossis qubits. Qubits yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub quantum computer siv lub quantum mechanical zog ntawm ib atoms, sub-atomic hais, los yog superconducting hluav taws xob circuits.
Qubits zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj desktop hauv qubits tuaj yeem nyob hauv 1 lossis 0 quantum xeev. Qubits txawv ntawm qhov lawv tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv lub superposition ntawm 1 thiab 0 xeev, txhais tau hais tias qubits tuaj yeem sawv cev rau 1 thiab 0 ib txhij.
Thaum qubits nyob rau hauv superposition, ob lub xeev quantum tau ntxiv ua ke thiab ua rau lwm lub xeev quantum. Superposition txhais tau hais tias ntau qhov kev suav ua tiav ib txhij. Yog li, ob qubits tuaj yeem sawv cev plaub tus lej ib txhij. Cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub ua cov khoom siv hauv ib qho ntawm ob lub xeev ua tau, 1 lossis 0, thiab kev suav ua tiav ib zaug.
Quantum computers kuj siv entanglement los ua qubits. Thaum ib tug qubit entangled, lub xeev ntawm qubit nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm lwm qubit kom ib tug qubit qhia lub xeev ntawm nws unobserved khub.
Quantum processor yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub computer
Tsim qubits yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib puag ncig khov los tuav lub qubit rau txhua lub sijhawm. Cov khoom siv superconducting xav tau los tsim ib qho qubit yuav tsum tau txias kom tsis muaj xoom (txog rho tawm 272 Celsius). Cov qubits tseem yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov suab nrov tom qab kom txo tau qhov yuam kev hauv kev suav.
Sab hauv ntawm lub computer quantum zoo li zoo nkauj kub chandelier. Thiab, yog, nws yog ua nrog kub tiag. Nws yog lub tub yees dilution uas ua kom txias lub quantum chips kom lub computer tuaj yeem tsim superpositions thiab entangle qubits yam tsis tau poob ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub quantum computer ua rau cov qubits los ntawm cov khoom siv uas qhia txog quantum mechanical zog uas tswj tau. Quantum xam tej yaam num tsim qubits nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li looping superconducting hlau, spinning electrons, thiab ntxiab ions los yog pulses ntawm photons. Cov qubits no tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub tub yees dilution.
Quantum Computing Programming Language
Quantum algorithms soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv thiab muab cov kev sim ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Cov algorithms no yog sau rau hauv quantum-focused programming lus. Ntau hom lus quantum tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab thev naus laus zis.
Cov no yog ob peb yam ntawm quantum xam programming lus:
- QISKit: Cov Khoom Siv Quantum Cov Ntaub Ntawv Software los ntawm IBM yog lub tsev qiv ntawv tag nrho los sau, simulate, thiab khiav cov kev pab cuam quantum.
- Q: Cov lus programming suav nrog hauv Microsoft Quantum Development Kit. Cov khoom siv txhim kho suav nrog quantum simulator thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv algorithm.
- Cirq: Ib hom lus quantum tsim los ntawm Google uas siv lub tsev qiv ntawv python los sau cov circuits thiab khiav cov circuits hauv quantum computers thiab simulators.
- Forest: Ib puag ncig tsim tawm tsim los ntawm Rigetti Computing uas sau thiab ua haujlwm quantum program.
Siv rau Quantum Computing
Lub tshuab computer tiag tiag tau dhau los ua muaj nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los, thiab tsuas yog ob peb lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis loj muaj lub computer quantum. Qee lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis no suav nrog Google, IBM, Intel, thiab Microsoft. Cov thawj coj thev naus laus zis no ua haujlwm nrog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, tuam txhab kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag, thiab cov tuam txhab biotech los daws ntau yam teeb meem.
Qhov muaj cov kev pabcuam quantum computer thiab kev nce qib hauv kev suav lub zog muab cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tshiab los nrhiav kev daws teebmeem uas yav dhau los daws tsis tau. Quantum suav tau txo cov sij hawm thiab cov peev txheej uas nws yuav siv los txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg, tsim simulations txog cov ntaub ntawv, tsim cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas kho cov teeb meem.
Kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam siv quantum xam los tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev ua lag luam. Nov yog ob peb ntawm quantum xam cov haujlwm uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev lag luam thiab tib neeg:
- Kev lag luam aerospace siv quantum xam los tshawb xyuas txoj hauv kev zoo dua los tswj cov huab cua.
- Cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag thiab kev nqis peev vam tias yuav siv quantum suav los txheeb xyuas qhov pheej hmoo thiab rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag, txhim kho cov tswv yim ua lag luam, thiab daws cov kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag.
- Cov neeg tsim khoom tau txais kev suav quantum los txhim kho lawv cov saw hlau, tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab tsim cov khoom tshiab.
- Cov tuam txhab Biotech tab tom tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev txhawm rau tshawb pom cov tshuaj tshiab.
Nrhiav Quantum Computer thiab Kev Sim Nrog Quantum Computing
Qee lub khoos phis tawj kws tshawb fawb tsim txoj hauv kev los simulate quantum xam ntawm lub khoos phis tawj desktop.
Ntau lub tuam txhab thev naus laus zis thoob ntiaj teb muab cov kev pabcuam quantum. Thaum ua ke nrog cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov tshuab, cov kev pabcuam quantum no tsim ib qho chaw uas quantum ua-nrog cov khoos phis tawj desktop- daws teeb meem nyuaj.
- IBM muab IBM Q ib puag ncig nrog kev nkag mus rau ntau lub computer quantum tiag tiag thiab simulations koj tuaj yeem siv los ntawm huab.
- Alibaba Huab muaj quantum xam huab platform qhov twg koj tuaj yeem khiav thiab sim cov lej tsim quantum.
- Microsoft muab cov khoom siv txhim kho quantum uas suav nrog Q cov lus programming, quantum simulators, thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv txhim kho ntawm kev npaj-rau-siv.
- Rigetti muaj quantum-thawj huab platform uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv beta. Lawv lub platform tau teeb tsa ua ntej nrog lawv Forest SDK.
Quantum Computing Xov Xwm Yav Tom Ntej
Kev npau suav yog tias quantum computers yuav daws teeb meem tam sim no loj heev thiab nyuaj heev los daws nrog cov khoom siv kho vajtse-tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim qauv ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Desktop computers tsis muaj qhov chaw los khiav cov kev suav no nyuaj thiab ua qhov zoo kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas. Quantum suav siv cov ntaub ntawv loj tshaj plaws thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv no hauv ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm nws yuav siv rau ntawm lub khoos phis tawj desktop. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siv lub khoos phis tawj desktop ntau xyoo los ua cov txheej txheem thiab tshuaj xyuas tsuas yog siv ob peb hnub rau lub khoos phis tawj quantum.
Quantum suav tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov menyuam mos, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm los daws cov teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb nrawm. Nws yog ib qho kev kwv yees li deb npaum li cas quantum xam yuav loj hlob thiab mus rau qhov muaj quantum computers.
