Functions and features of Routers for Home Computer Networks

Cov txheej txheem:

Functions and features of Routers for Home Computer Networks
Functions and features of Routers for Home Computer Networks
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Broadband routers yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas hauv tsev, tab sis lawv cov kev siv tsis txwv rau kev sib txuas yooj yim. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau ntxiv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv hauv xyoo tas los no.

Thaum yuav khoom rau lub router tshiab, xyuas kom tus qauv koj xaiv txhawb nqa cov yam ntxwv koj xav tau; cov no txawv txav los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab qauv.

Ib leeg lossis Dual Band Wi-Fi

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Txog tsis ntev los no, lub tsev Wi-Fi routers muaj ib lub xov tooj cua uas kis tau ntawm 2.4 GHz zaus band. Tom qab ntawd tuaj 802.11n routers, uas muaj cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus hu ua MIMO (ntau ntau yam tawm). Nrog ob lossis ntau lub xov tooj cua sib txuas, cov routers hauv tsev tam sim no tuaj yeem sib txuas lus thoob plaws ntau zaus los yog hla ntau pawg sib cais.

Dual-band Wi-Fi routers txhawb ntau lub xov tooj cua thiab ua haujlwm ntawm 2.4 GHz thiab 5 GHz bands. Cov routers no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa ob lub wireless subnetworks thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm ob hom. Piv txwv li, 5 GHz kev sib txuas muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li 2.4 GHz kev sib txuas, thiab 2.4 GHz feem ntau muab ntau yam zoo dua ntxiv rau kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom qub.

Tsev los yog Gigabit Ethernet

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Ntau lub tsev thawj-thiab tiam thib ob tsis txhawb Wi-nkaus. Cov wired broadband routers muaj tsuas yog Ethernet ports, tsim los txuas lub PC, lub tshuab luam ntawv, thiab tej zaum yog lub console game. Txhawm rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm thev naus laus zis, qee tus tswv tsev tau saib ua ntej lawv lub tsev nrog Ethernet cable khiav mus rau ntau chav.

Txawm tias niaj hnub no, nrog cov koob nrov ntawm Wi-nkaus thiab cov khoom siv txawb (ntau yam uas tsis txhawb nqa kev sib txuas), cov tuam txhab txuas ntxiv koom nrog Ethernet rau hauv tsev routers. Ethernet muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua hauv network dua li kev sib txuas wireless hauv ntau lub sijhawm. Ntau qhov nrov broadband modems txuas mus rau routers siv Ethernet, thiab hardcore gamers feem ntau nyiam nws dhau Wi-Fi rau lawv cov tshuab ua si.

Txog tsis ntev los no, routers txhawb tib yam 100 Mbps (qee zaum hu ua 10/100 lossis Fast Ethernet) thev naus laus zis raws li lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv qub. Cov qauv tshiab thiab siab dua-kawg hloov kho qhov ntawd mus rau Gigabit Ethernet, uas yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tshaj tawm video thiab lwm yam kev siv nyiaj ntau.

IPv4 thiab IPv6

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Txhua lub tsev routers txhawb Internet raws tu qauv (IP). Tag nrho cov tshiab routers txhawb ob qhov sib txawv ntawm IP: tus tshiab IP version 6 (IPv6) tus qauv thiab cov laus dua tab sis tseem mainstream version 4 (IPv4). Cov qub broadband routers txhawb IPv4 nkaus xwb. Txawm hais tias muaj IPv6-muaj peev xwm router tsis tas yuav tsum tau, cov tes hauj lwm hauv tsev tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nws muab.

Network Chaw Txhais Lus (NAT)

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Raws li ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tsev routers, network chaw nyob txhais lus (NAT) thev naus laus zis teeb tsa lub tswv yim hais txog kev sib txuas hauv tsev thiab nws cov kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem. NAT taug qab cov chaw nyob ntawm txhua yam khoom siv txuas nrog lub router thiab cov lus uas lawv xa mus rau lub ntiaj teb sab nraud kom lub router tuaj yeem coj cov lus teb rau cov cuab yeej raug tom qab. Qhov no yog hu ua NAT firewall vim nws thaiv cov tsheb tsis zoo li lwm yam network firewalls ua.

Kev sib txuas thiab kev sib faib khoom

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Routers pab kom cov neeg siv network sib faib cov peev txheej xws li tshuab luam ntawv. Cov tshuab luam ntawv niaj hnub feem ntau yog network-npaj; lawv txhawb Wi-Fi thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog tib lub tsev network xws li khoos phis tawj thiab xov tooj, uas tuaj yeem xa cov haujlwm mus rau lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Qee lub routers muaj USB chaw nres nkoj tsim los ntsaws rau sab nraud cia tsav. Lwm cov khoom siv hauv lub network tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw cia no los luam cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tsav no tseem tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub router thiab thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw yog tias tus neeg xav tau kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thaum mus ncig, piv txwv li.

Txawm tias tsis muaj USB cia nta, lub router ua rau cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ke siv lub cuab yeej network kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm lossis los ntawm huab cia nruab.

Guest Networks

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Qee lub wireless routers txhawb cov qhua sib tham, uas yog siv los teeb tsa ib ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev network rau cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg uas tuaj xyuas. Guest networks txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau lub hauv paus hauv tsev network kom cov neeg tuaj saib tsis tuaj yeem snoop ib ncig ntawm lub tsev network kev pab yam tsis tau koj tso cai. Tshwj xeeb, ib lub network qhua siv cov kev ruaj ntseg sib cais thiab sib txawv Wi-Fi kev ruaj ntseg yuam sij dua li lwm tus hauv tsev network kom koj tus yuam sij ntiag tug nyob twj ywm.

Kev Tswj Niam Txiv thiab Lwm Yam Kev Txwv Kev Nkag Mus

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Router manufacturers feem ntau tshaj tawm cov niam txiv kev tswj hwm raws li qhov muag ntawm lawv cov khoom. Cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov kev tswj hwm no ua haujlwm nyob ntawm tus qauv ntawm router koom nrog. Router niam txiv tswj muaj cov yam ntxwv no:

  • Thaiv lub vev xaib tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub npe.
  • txwv tsis pub tus menyuam nkag mus hauv internet.
  • Txhim tus naj npawb teev tus menyuam tuaj yeem online hauv ib hnub.

Tus thawj coj router teeb tsa kev tswj hwm niam txiv los ntawm console menus. Kev teeb tsa raug siv ib tus zuj zus ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej kom tus menyuam cov khoom siv tuaj yeem txwv thaum lwm tus tsis yog. Routers khaws cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos los ntawm lawv lub cev (Media Access Control) chaw nyob kom tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem hloov npe lub khoos phis tawj kom zam dhau kev tswj hwm niam txiv.

Vim cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov txij nkawm thiab lwm tus neeg hauv tsev, ib yam nkaus, kev txwv kev nkag mus yog lub ntsiab lus tseeb dua li kev tswj hwm niam txiv.

VPN Server thiab Client Support

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Virtual private network (VPN) thev naus laus zis txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev sib txuas hauv internet thiab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib txuas lus wireless. Ntau tus neeg siv VPNs hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab ntawm cov khoom siv mobile txuas nrog Wi-nkaus hotspots, tab sis tsawg tsawg siv VPNs hauv tsev. Qee lub routers muaj qee qhov kev txhawb nqa VPN, tab sis qhov kev ua haujlwm no feem ntau txwv.

Tsev routers nrog VPN feem ntau muab kev txhawb nqa VPN server nkaus xwb. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tswv cuab hauv tsev los teeb tsa VPN txuas rau hauv tsev thaum lawv nyob deb. Tsawg tus routers hauv tsev muab kev txhawb nqa VPN cov neeg siv khoom, uas ua rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua kom muaj kev sib txuas VPN thaum nkag mus rau hauv internet.

Yog tias kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ceev ntiag tug ntawm kev sib txuas wireless hauv tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb, xyuas kom meej tias txhua lub router koj xav tau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg siv VPN.

Port Forwarding thiab UPnP

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Ib tus qauv tab sis tsis to taub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev routers, chaw nres nkoj xa mus, muab tus thawj coj muaj peev xwm coj cov neeg tuaj mus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev raws li TCP thiab UDP chaw nres nkoj tus lej hauv ib tus neeg cov lus. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws rau qhov no suav nrog PC gaming thiab web hosting.

TCP sawv cev rau kev tswj hwm kev sib kis. UDP sawv cev rau tus neeg siv datagram raws tu qauv.

Txoj kev ntsaws thiab ua si thoob ntiaj teb (UPnP) tus qauv tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim txoj hauv kev khoos phis tawj thiab cov ntawv thov siv cov chaw nres nkoj sib txuas lus nrog hauv tsev. UPnP cia li teeb tsa ntau qhov kev sib txuas uas txwv tsis pub yuav tsum tau manually teeb tsa chaw nres nkoj xa mus rau ntawm lub router. Tag nrho cov routers hauv tsev txhawb nqa UPnP ua qhov kev xaiv xaiv; Cov thawj coj tuaj yeem lov tes taw nws kom tswj tau tag nrho ntawm router qhov chaw nres nkoj xa mus rau kev txiav txim siab.

QoS

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Cov routers hauv tsev muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tswj cov kev pabcuam zoo (QoS) ntawm lub tsev network. QoS tso cai rau tus thawj tswj hwm muab cov khoom siv xaiv thiab cov ntawv thov muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua nkag mus rau cov peev txheej hauv network.

Feem ntau cov broadband routers txhawb QoS ua qhov tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis tawm. Cov routers hauv tsev nrog QoS tuaj yeem muab cov chaw sib cais rau kev sib txuas nrog Ethernet piv rau kev sib txuas wireless Wi-Fi. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau ua ntej yog feem ntau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lawv lub cev MAC chaw nyob. Lwm yam kev xaiv QoS suav nrog:

  • Kev tsheb ntawm tus kheej TCP lossis UDP cov chaw nres nkoj feem ntau tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb siab dua lossis qis dua lwm tus. Cov thawj coj feem ntau siv cov kev teeb tsa no los muab qhov tseem ceeb dua rau cov gamers network.
  • WMM (Wi-Fi multimedia) QoS cia li kuaj pom thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab lub suab ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm Wi-nkaus. Ntau lub routers feature WMM ua qhov kev xaiv xaiv tau; qee cov qauv ua kom WMM qhib los ntawm lub neej ntawd.

Wi-Fi Tiv Thaiv Teeb (WPS)

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Lub tswv yim tom qab WPS (Wi-Fi tiv thaiv teeb) yog qhov yooj yim: Kev sib txuas hauv tsev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov chaw ruaj ntseg) tuaj yeem ua teeb meem yuam kev, yog li txhua yam uas ua kom cov txheej txheem txuag lub sijhawm thiab txo qhov yuam kev. WPS muab cov txheej txheem los ua kom yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm Wi-Fi li siv cov txheej txheem laub khawm txuas lossis tus lej cim tshwj xeeb (PINs). Cov no yog cov ntawv hla tebchaws uas qee zaum tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau siv kev sib txuas lus nyob ze (NFC). Qee tus neeg siv Wi-Fi tsis txhawb WPS, txawm li cas los xij, thiab kev nyab xeeb yog kev txhawj xeeb.

Upgradeable Firmware

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Router cov tuam txhab feem ntau kho cov kab thiab ntxiv kev txhim kho rau router kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Tag nrho cov routers niaj hnub suav nrog firmware hloov tshiab feature kom cov tswv tuaj yeem hloov kho lawv cov routers tom qab kev yuav khoom. Ob peb tus neeg tsim khoom router, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Linksys, mus rau ib kauj ruam ntxiv thiab muab kev txhawb nqa rau lawv cov neeg siv khoom los hloov cov khoom lag luam firmware nrog tus thib peb (feem ntau qhib qhov chaw) version xws li DD-WRT.

Tus tswv tsev nruab nrab yuav tsis mob siab rau nws, tab sis qee tus neeg nyiam siv tech xav txog lub peev xwm los kho firmware raws li qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv lub tsev router.

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