Cov tshuab nres ib txwm tsis tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo dhau los, yog li lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv tshuab nres-los ntawm-xaim sawv cev rau kev hloov pauv uas cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov pej xeem tsis kam lees. Brake-by-wire yog hais txog lub tshuab braking uas tswj cov nres los ntawm hluav taws xob txhais tau tias.
Kev nplij siab ntawm Hydraulic Brakes
Hauv cov tshuab nres ib txwm, nias rau ntawm tus brake pedal tsim hydraulic siab uas ua rau cov khau nres lossis cov ntaub qhwv. Hauv cov txheej txheem qub, lub pedal ua ncaj qha rau ntawm cov khoom siv hydraulic hu ua thawj lub tog raj kheej. Hauv cov tshuab niaj hnub no, lub zog nres, feem ntau yog siv los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, ua kom lub zog ntawm lub pedal thiab ua kom yooj yim rau nres.
Nres-los ntawm-xaim tsoo qhov kev sib txuas, uas yog vim li cas cov thev naus laus zis tau pom los ntawm qee qhov kev phom sij ntau dua li kev tswj hluav taws xob los yog steer-by-wire.
Thaum thawj lub tog raj kheej qhib, nws tsim hydraulic siab hauv cov kab nres. Qhov siab tom qab ntawd ua rau lub tog raj kheej thib ob uas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub log, uas yog ib lub rotor ntawm tus nres los yog nias nres khau tawm mus rau hauv lub nruas.
Niaj hnub nimno hydraulic nres tshuab yog qhov nyuaj dua li qhov ntawd tab sis ua haujlwm ntawm tib txoj cai dav dav. Hydraulic los yog lub tshuab nqus tsev nres boosters txo tus nqi ntawm kev quab yuam tus neeg tsav tsheb yuav tsum tau thov. Cov thev naus laus zis xws li cov nres nres nres thiab traction tswj lub tshuab muaj peev xwm ua kom tau txais kev ua haujlwm lossis tso cov brakes.
Hluav taws xob thiab electro-hydraulic nres tau ib txwm siv rau ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom. Txij li cov tsheb thauj khoom muaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob rau lub teeb nres thiab tig teeb liab, nws yooj yim rau xaim hauv lub tog raj kheej electro-hydraulic thawj lub tog raj kheej lossis hluav taws xob actuators. Cov thev naus laus zis zoo sib xws yog muaj los ntawm OEMs, tab sis qhov kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev nres tsheb tau ua rau muaj kev lag luam tsheb uas tseem tsis kam lees txais kev siv tshuab nres-los-xaim. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce ntawm tus kheej tsav tsheb thiab pab tsav tsheb, nres-los ntawm-xaim tau pom kev siv dav dua.
Electro-Hydraulic Nres Nres Nres luv
Lub tshuab nres-los ntawm-xaim tam sim no siv cov qauv hluav taws xob-hydraulic uas tsis yog hluav taws xob tag nrho. Cov tshuab no muaj cov tshuab hydraulic, tab sis tus tsav tsheb tsis ncaj qha qhib lub tog raj kheej los ntawm nias lub nres pedal. Hloov chaw, thawj lub tog raj kheej yog qhib los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub twj tso kua mis uas tswj hwm los ntawm chav tswj.
Thaum tus brake pedal raug nias hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob-hydraulic, chav tswj hwm siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau lub sensors los txiav txim siab npaum li cas braking quab yuam txhua lub log xav tau. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem siv qhov tsim nyog ntawm hydraulic siab rau txhua lub caliper.
Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm electro-hydraulic thiab tsoos hydraulic nres tshuab yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas. Electro-hydraulic brake systems feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv siab dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Hydraulic brakes ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm 800 PSI raws li kev tsav tsheb ib txwm muaj, thaum Sensotronic electro-hydraulic systems tuav lub zog ntawm 2,000 thiab 2, 300 PSI.
Electromechanical Systems Yog Tiag-by-Wire
Thaum cov qauv tsim khoom tseem siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob-hydraulic, qhov tseeb nres-los ntawm-xaim thev naus laus zis tawm nrog hydraulics nkaus. Cov thev naus laus zis no tsis tau tshwm sim hauv cov qauv tsim khoom vim qhov kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab nres. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim.
Tsis zoo li electro-hydraulic brakes, cov khoom hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog hluav taws xob. Lub calipers muaj hluav taws xob actuators es tsis txhob ntawm hydraulic lub tog raj kheej thib ob, thiab txhua yam yog tswj hwm los ntawm chav tswj tsis siv lub tog raj kheej siab. Cov tshuab no tseem xav tau ntau yam khoom siv ntxiv, suav nrog qhov kub thiab txias, clamp quab yuam, thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv txhua lub caliper.
Electromechanical brakes suav nrog kev sib txuas lus nyuaj vim txhua lub caliper tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv nkag los tsim kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub zog nres. Vim muaj kev nyab xeeb-tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab no, feem ntau muaj kev rov ua dua, cov tsheb npav thib ob kom xa cov ntaub ntawv nyoos mus rau calipers.
Qhov Teeb Meem Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Nres-By-Wire Technology
Hydro-electric thiab electromechanical brake systems muaj peev xwm muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov kab ke ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj peev xwm rau kev koom ua ke ntau dua nrog ABS, ESC, thiab cov thev naus laus zis zoo sib xws, kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb tau tuav cov tshuab no rov qab. Cov tshuab nres ib txwm tuaj yeem ua tsis tau, tab sis tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm hydraulic siab yuav ua rau tus neeg tsav tsheb nres lossis qeeb. Inherently ntau complex electromechanical systems muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis ua hauj lwm.
Cov kev xav tau ua tsis tiav, thiab lwm cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb-tseem ceeb xws li nres-los-xaim, yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv kev nyab xeeb xws li ISO 26262.
Leej twg Muab Nres-By-Wire Technology?
Redundancy thiab cov tshuab uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv txo qis yuav ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nres-los ntawm-xaim tshuab muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus rau kev siv dav dav. Lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog ob peb OEMs tau sim nrog cov tshuab hluav taws xob-hydraulic.
Toyota tau qhia txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob-hydraulic nres hauv xyoo 2001 rau nws Estima Hybrid. Variations ntawm nws Electronically Controlled Brake (ECB) technology tau muaj txij li thaum. Cov thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Asmeskas rau xyoo 2005 nrog Lexus RX 400h.
Ib qho piv txwv qhov kev siv tshuab nres-los ntawm-xaim raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav yog thaum Mercedes-Benz rub nws Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC) system, uas kuj tau qhia rau xyoo 2001. Lub kaw lus tau raug rub tawm hauv xyoo 2006 tom qab tus nqi rov qab nyob rau xyoo 2004, nrog Mercedes thov tias nws yuav muab cov kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam ntawm nws cov SBC system ntawm cov tsoos hydraulic nres.
