Tus sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus (TLD), qee zaum hu ua lub vev xaib txuas ntxiv, yog ntu kawg ntawm lub npe sau npe hauv internet, nyob tom qab qhov kawg teev, los pab tsim lub npe sau npe (FQDN).
Piv txwv li, cov npe saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lifewire.com thiab google.com yog ob qho tib si.com, tab sis TLD ntawm wikipedia.org yog.org.
Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Lub Hom Phiaj Sab saum toj yog dab tsi?
Top-level domains ua ib txoj hauv kev kom nkag siab tias lub vev xaib yog dab tsi los yog nws nyob qhov twg.
Piv txwv li, pom qhov chaw nyob.gov, zoo li hauv www.whitehouse.gov, yuav qhia rau koj tam sim ntawd tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub vev xaib yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm tsoomfwv.
A saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm.ca hauv www.cbc.ca qhia qee yam txog lub vev xaib ntawd, qhov no, tus neeg sau npe yog lub koom haum Canadian.
Tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam TLDs, uas yog vim tias muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, ntau lub vev xaib tuaj yeem siv tib lub npe tab sis yuav luag txhua qhov chaw lossis tuam txhab sib txawv. Sib nrug los ntawm qhov kawg me ntsis qhov twg TLD zaum, cov URLs yuav zoo ib yam.
Piv txwv li, lifewire.com yog lub vev xaib no tab sis lifewire.org yog lwm lub npe tib yam tab sis txawv TLD, yog li lawv tau sib txawv kiag li cov vev xaib. Tib yam muaj tseeb rau lifewire.edu, lifewire.net, thiab lifewire.news, ntawm lwm tus (ntau yam muaj npe hauv qab no).
Nws yog vim li no tias qee lub tuam txhab yuav sau npe ntau TLDs kom leej twg mus rau lwm qhov, tsis yog qhov URLs tseem ceeb, tseem yuav tsaws ntawm lub tuam txhab lub vev xaib. Piv txwv li, google.com yog li cas koj mus txog Google lub vev xaib, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm google.net. Txawm li cas los xij, google.org yog lub vev xaib sib txawv kiag li.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv saum toj kawg nkaus?
Ntau tus thawj tswj hwm qib siab muaj nyob, ntau yam uas koj tau pom ua ntej.
Qee TLDs qhib rau ib tus neeg lossis lag luam los sau npe, thaum lwm tus xav kom muaj qee yam ua tau raws li.
Cov npe saum toj kawg nkaus tau muab faib ua pawg: generic top-level domains (gTLD), lub teb chaws-code sab saum toj-theem domains (ccTLD), infrastructure sab saum toj-level domains (arpa), thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov npe saum toj kawg nkaus (IDNs).
Generic Top-level Domains (gTLDs)
Generic top-level domains yog cov npe sau npe uas koj nyiam tshaj plaws. Cov no yog qhib rau leej twg los sau npe sau npe raws li:
- .com (kev lag luam)
- .org (organization)
- .net (network)
- .name (npe)
- .biz (ua lag luam)
- .info (information)
Ntxiv gTLDs muaj uas yog hu ua kev txhawb nqa saum toj kawg nkaus, thiab raug txiav txim siab txwv vim qee cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem sau npe:
- .int (international): Siv los ntawm cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb rau cov laj thawj ntsig txog kev cog lus, thiab yuav tsum muaj tus lej UN rau npe
- .edu (kev kawm): Txwv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv nkaus xwb
- .gov (tsoom fwv): Txwv rau US tsoom fwv cov koom haum nkaus xwb
- .mil (tub rog): Txwv rau Asmeskas tub rog nkaus xwb
- .job (kev ua haujlwm): Yuav tsum tau sau npe raws li lub npe raug cai ntawm lub tuam txhab lossis lub koom haum
- .mobi (mobile): Tej zaum yuav tau ua raws li cov lus qhia sib haum rau mobile
- .tel (Telnic): txwv rau hosting ntsig txog cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj, tsis yog cov vev xaib
Tam sim no kuj muaj cov TLDs tshwj xeeb uas txhais tau rau kev sim thiab cov ntaub ntawv:
- .test: Pom zoo siv rau hauv kev sim cov cai tam sim no lossis tshiab DNS ntsig txog.
- .example: Pom zoo siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv lossis ua piv txwv.
- .invalid: Npaj rau kev siv hauv online tsim cov npe sau npe uas paub tseeb tias tsis raug thiab qhov uas nws pom tseeb ntawm ib nrais muag yog invalid.
- .localhost: Tau ib txwm tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv tus tswv DNS kev siv raws li muaj cov ntaub ntawv taw qhia rau lub voj rov qab IP chaw nyob thiab tau tseg rau kev siv.
Lub Tebchaws Code Sab saum toj-theem Domains (ccTLD)
Lub teb chaws thiab thaj chaw muaj lub npe sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus muaj uas yog raws li lub teb chaws ob tsab ntawv ISO. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov npe nrov hauv tebchaws qib siab tshaj plaws:
- .us: United States
- .ca: Canada
- .nl: Netherlands
- .de: Germany
- .fr: France
- .ch: Switzerland
- .cn: Tuam Tshoj
- .in: India
- .ru: Russia
- .mx: Mexico
- .jp: Nyiv
- .br: Brazil
Daim ntawv teev npe ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov npe ntawm txhua tus sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus thiab lub teb chaws tus lej sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus yog teev los ntawm Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
Infrastructure Top-Level Domains (arpa)
Tus sau npe saum toj kawg nkaus no sawv cev rau Chaw Nyob thiab Routing Parameter Cheeb Tsam, thiab tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim kho vaj tse xwb, xws li daws lub npe hostname los ntawm qhov chaw nyob IP.
Internationalized Top-Level Domains (IDNs)
Internationalized top-level domains yog TLDs uas tau tso tawm ua hom lus tsim nyog.
Piv txwv li,.рф yog lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj-theem sau rau Lavxias Federation.
Koj Yuav Sau Npe Sau Npe Li Cas?
Internet Corporation rau Cov Npe thiab Tus lej (ICANN) yog tus saib xyuas kev tswj hwm qib siab tshaj plaws, tab sis kev sau npe tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau tus neeg sau npe.
Qee tus sau npe nrov npe koj yuav tau hnov txog GoDaddy, 1 & 1 IONOS, Network Solutions, Namecheap, thiab Google Domains.
Yog koj tab tom nrhiav pib lub vev xaib tshiab, nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj txoj hauv kev kom tau txais lub npe dawb.
Nrhiav TLDs tshiab
Yog koj ua raws li IANA cov npe saum toj no, koj yuav pom tias muaj ntau TLDs uas koj tsis tau hnov dua,. GOOGLE yog ib qho uas koj yuav tsis pom ntau zaus.
Google Registry yog ib qho chaw uas koj tuaj yeem pom qee qhov TLDs lawv tab tom ua haujlwm tso tawm kom cov vev xaib tshiab tuaj yeem pib xaus rau cov ntawv, ib yam nkaus.
TLDs tuaj txog thiab tso tawm tshiab kuj muaj nyob rau ntawm cov npe sau npe tseem ceeb xws li Namecheap thiab GoDaddy.
TLD yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis meej pem rau TeleDisk disk duab uas tseem siv cov ntawv luv luv no, lossis TLDR ("ntev dhau lawm, tsis tau nyeem").
