Voltage regulators coj ib qho input voltage thiab tsim ib tug tswj cov zis voltage txawm hais tias tus input voltage ntawm ib tug taag voltage theem los yog adjustable voltage theem. Qhov kev tswj tsis siv neeg no ntawm cov zis voltage theem yog tswj los ntawm ntau yam kev tawm tswv yim. Qee cov txheej txheem no yooj yim li Zener diode. Lwm tus suav nrog cov lus tawm tswv yim nyuaj uas txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, kev ntseeg tau, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ntxiv lwm yam zoo li kev txhawb nqa cov zis hluav taws xob saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Voltage regulators yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub circuits kom paub meej tias qhov hluav taws xob tas li, ruaj khov yog muab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
How Linear Voltage Regulators Ua Haujlwm
Kev tswj xyuas qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov nrog qhov tsis paub thiab muaj suab nrov tawm tswv yim yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia tawm tswv yim kom paub meej tias yuav tsum tau hloov kho li cas. Linear regulators siv lub hwj chim transistor raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor uas coj zoo li thawj ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob. Qhov tso zis ntawm qhov hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob tsav lub zog transistor kom tsim nyog kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob tas li.
Vim tias lub transistor coj zoo li tus resistor, nws nkim zog los ntawm kev hloov nws mus rau cua sov-feem ntau cua sov. Txij li thaum tag nrho lub zog hloov mus rau qhov cua sov yog sib npaug rau qhov poob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lub sij hawm tam sim no, lub zog dissipated feem ntau tuaj yeem siab heev, xav tau heatsinks zoo.
Ib daim ntawv hloov pauv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob kab hluav taws xob yog tus tswj hwm shunt, xws li Zener diode. Tsis yog ua raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws raws li tus qauv linear regulator ua, lub shunt regulator muab ib txoj hauv kev rau hauv av kom dhau voltage (thiab tam sim no) ntws los ntawm. Hom regulator no feem ntau tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas. Nws tsuas yog siv tau thaum xav tau lub zog me me thiab muab khoom.
How Switching Voltage Regulators Ua Haujlwm
A switching voltage regulator ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus sib txawv tshaj li linear voltage regulators. Tsis yog ua raws li qhov hluav taws xob lossis lub dab dej tam sim no los muab cov khoom tso tawm tas li, lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv khaws lub zog ntawm qib uas tau hais tseg thiab siv cov lus tawm tswv yim los xyuas kom meej tias cov nqi them raug tswj nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus voltage ripple. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev hloov pauv kev tswj hwm kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tig lub transistor tag nrho ntawm (nrog tsawg kawg nkaus) tsuas yog thaum lub zog cia hluav taws xob xav tau lub zog tawg. Txoj hauv kev no txo cov hluav taws xob tag nrho hauv qhov system mus rau qhov tsis kam ntawm transistor thaum lub sij hawm hloov pauv thaum nws hloov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm (tsis tshua muaj zog) mus rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm (siab heev) thiab lwm yam kev poob qis.
Qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv sai dua, lub zog cia tsawg dua nws xav tau kom tswj tau qhov kev xav tau qhov hluav taws xob, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom me me tuaj yeem siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv sai dua yog qhov poob hauv kev ua haujlwm raws li lub sijhawm siv sijhawm ntau dua ntawm kev coj ua thiab tsis ua haujlwm. Ntau lub zog poob los ntawm cov cua sov tiv taus.
Lwm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv sai dua yog qhov nce hauv hluav taws xob suab nrov uas tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev hloov pauv sib txawv, tus tswj kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem:
- Qhia qhov hluav taws xob input (buck topology).
- nce qhov voltage (boost topology).
- Ob kauj ruam nqes los yog nce qhov voltage (buck-boost) raws li xav tau los tswj qhov kev xav tau qhov hluav taws xob.
Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau kev hloov cov tswj hwm kev xaiv zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov siv roj teeb vim tias lub tshuab hloov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nce lossis txhawb lub zog tawm ntawm lub roj teeb thaum lub roj teeb tawm.
