Muaj ob hom Internet Protocol (IP): IPv4 thiab IPv6. Cov qub yog tam sim no ntau dua, tab sis lawv yog ob qhov chaw nyob IP uas muab tib lub luag haujlwm, uas yog tso cai rau koj lub computer, xov tooj, thiab lwm yam khoom siv network sib txuas lus nrog servers thiab ntau dua hauv internet.
Tej zaum koj tsis tau muaj qhov teeb meem ntsig txog IPv4 uas txwv tsis pub koj mus online, yog li koj yuav xav tias vim li cas IPv6 tseem yog ib yam. Qhov hloov kho IP ua li cas? Puas yog IPv6 zoo dua IPv4?
Cia saib cov lus no txhais li cas thiab lawv txawv li cas.
IPv4 thiab IPv6 txhais li cas
IPv4 sawv cev rau IP version 4. Nws pib siv rau xyoo 1983 thiab tseem siv dav niaj hnub no. Tej zaum koj tau pom qhov chaw nyob IPv4-lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv dot-decimal cim zoo li qhov no, qhov twg muaj plaub ntu ntawm cov lej sib cais los ntawm lub sijhawm:
64.70.220.50
IPv6 sawv cev rau IP version 6. Nws tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1994 thiab tau tsim los hloov IPv4, tab sis tam sim no siv nrog nws. Qhov chaw nyob IPv6 zoo li txawv ntawm qhov chaw nyob IPv4 vim tias nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntawv thiab cais nws cov ntu nrog cov colons. IPv6 siv yim 16-ntsis hexadecimals:
2a00:5a60:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334
Vim muaj ob
IP version 6 tau tsim los txhim kho cov kev txwv ntawm IPv4. Txawm hais tias qhov thib ob iteration tau qhia ib xyoo caum tom qab thawj zaug, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas nws xav tau yog vim qhov nthuav dav hauv internet.
Ib txoj kev IPv6 txawv dua li IPv4 yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Hloov chaw tso cai 32-ntsis chaw nyob zoo li IPv4, IPv6 txhawb 128-ntsis chaw nyob. Tshaj li 0-9 tus lej uas IPv4 txhawb nqa, IPv6 lees txais cov ntawv a-f. Nrog rau txhua qhov ntxiv me ntsis, qhov chaw nyob (tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nyob IP tshwj xeeb) ua ob npaug rau qhov loj.
Qhov no txhais li cas yog tias ntau qhov chaw nyob IP tuaj yeem tsim nrog IPv6 vs IPv4. Thaum yav dhau los tsuas yog txwv rau ntau tshaj 4 billion, IPv6 tuaj yeem tsim 340 undecillion chaw nyob tshwj xeeb (uas yog 340 billion billion billion!).
Yog tias peb ua piv txwv tias txhua tus tib neeg hauv ntiaj teb tsuas muaj ib lub cuab yeej uas xav tau kev nkag mus rau hauv is taws nem, ntau txhiab lub cuab yeej yuav raug tsis lees txais tam sim ntawd hauv lub ntiaj teb IPv4 nkaus xwb. Ntxiv rau, ntau cov khoom siv tau ntxiv rau hauv Is Taws Nem txhua hnub zoo li smartwatches, xov tooj, tsheb, thiab tub yees-nws yog qhov tseeb tias 4 billion tus IP chaw txwv teeb tsa los ntawm IPv4 tsuas yog yuav tsis txiav nws mus ib txhis.
Cov tub ceev xwm txwv tsis pub muaj pes tsawg IPv4 thiab IPv6 chaw nyob muaj rau pej xeem siv, tab sis tseem muaj ntau dua IPv6 IP chaw sib txuas dua li IPv4. Nws tsis zoo li peb yuav khiav tawm ntawm lawv txhua lub sijhawm sai sai no.
Lwm qhov txawv ntawm IPv6 thiab IPv4
Qhov chaw nyob loj dua tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm IPv4 thiab IPv6 nkaus xwb. Nov yog qee qhov sib txawv:
| IPv6 thiab IPv4 Qhov txawv | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPv6 | IPv4 | |
| Header Fields | 8 | 12 |
| Header Field Length | 40 | 20 |
| Has Checksum Fields | No | Yes |
| Kev kis tus kab mob | Unicast, multicast, anycast | Unicast, tshaj tawm, multicast |
| VLSM Txhawb nqa | No | Yes |
| Txoj haujlwm hom | DHCPv6 thiab zoo li qub | DHCP thiab zoo li qub |
| kev ruaj ntseg | Built-in IPSec kev them nyiaj yug | Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov |
| Tsis Siv Neeg Configuration | Yes | No |
| Mapping Method | NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) | ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) |
| Direct P2P Kev Sib Txuas | Yes | No (vim yog Network Chaw Txhais Lus) |
Puas IPv6 Muaj Kev Ruaj Ntseg dua IPv4?
Txawm hais tias IPv6 yog qhov tshiab thiab yog li koj tuaj yeem xav tias txhua yam ntawm lub npe kev ruaj ntseg kuj zoo dua, qhov ntawd tsis muaj tseeb. IPv6 thiab IPv4 ob leeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov chaw nyob nyab xeeb, kev tawm tsam ntawm tib neeg hauv nruab nrab, ntim pob khoom, thiab ntau dua.
IPv6 suav nrog kev txhawb nqa rau IPSec (Internet Protocol Security), uas yog tib yam VPNs siv los encrypt cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav zoo li tias IPSec tam sim ntawd ua rau IPv6 zoo dua, tab sis kev siv IPSec tsuas yog pom zoo, tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem siv IPv4, ib yam nkaus, yog li muaj qhov sib txawv me me nyob ntawd.
Ib qho kev teeb tsa nws pib tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm IPv6 uas tso cai rau cov khoom siv tsim tus IP chaw nyob raws li lawv qhov chaw nyob MAC. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv los ntawm hackers lossis cov tuam txhab thib peb los taug qab tib neeg los ntawm lawv cov khoom kho vajtse.
Txawm li cas los xij, IPv6 muaj qhov siab dua thaum nws los siv NDP vs ARP. IPv4 raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ARP hais txog teeb meem xws li spoofing, MAC dej nyab, thiab MAC duplicating. IPv6 txhim kho qhov no los ntawm kev siv Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) raws tu qauv kom ruaj ntseg NDP nrog cov chaw nyob cryptographically generated. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm qhov no hauv xov tooj Super User.
Rau peb feem ntau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv mus rau IPv6 yuav tsis kho cov teeb meem loj uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv internet, xws li cov kab mob, cov ntaub ntawv tub sab, saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm yuav ua li cas. IPv6 thiab IPv4 ua haujlwm, ntau qhov kev hem thawj tseem muaj tseeb txawm tias koj siv IPv6 lossis IPv4.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum ua kom siv IPv6
Rau cov neeg siv kawg uas tsis tau khiav cov kev pabcuam hauv lub vev xaib lossis tsim cov khoom siv sib txuas, siv IPv6 hloov IPv4 tsuas yog qhov kev ua si tos. Koj tsis tas yuav npaj koj lub computer rau IPv6 lossis kawm ib yam dab tsi tshiab txog IP chaw nyob.
Yuav tsis tuaj txog lub sijhawm thaum koj dheev kaw hauv is taws nem vim koj tsis tau ntaus IPv6 chaw nyob los hloov tus IPv4 qub. IPv6 thiab IPv4 tseem yuav ua haujlwm ib sab mus txog thaum IPv6 muaj rau txhua lub cuab yeej thoob ntiaj teb, uas yuav siv sijhawm ntau xyoo kom tiav.
Koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas Google cov stats ntawm IPv6 saws kom pom qhov nce siab ntawm IPv6 siv los ntawm Google cov neeg siv.
Thaum kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv koj lub tsev, hauv koj lub xov tooj, thiab lwm yam, nws yuav zoo li tsis muaj qhov sib xws li koj qhov chaw nyob IPv4 hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv, qee yam tshwm sim ntau zaus thiab koj yeej tsis pom.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj lub cuab yeej thiab ISP txhawb nqa nws, koj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau IPv6 manually thaum twg koj xav tau. Nrhiav cov kev xaiv hauv koj lub router qhov chaw.
Lwm thaj chaw uas koj tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw nyob IPv6 yog thaum hloov DNS servers. Daim ntawv teev npe dawb thiab pej xeem DNS servers suav nrog qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov tuam txhab uas muab IPv6 versions ntawm lawv cov DNS servers.
