Tau ntau xyoo lawm, Ethernet tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej li tus nqi pheej yig, tsim nyog nrawm, thiab nrov heev LAN (hauv cheeb tsam network) thev naus laus zis.
Keeb Kwm ntawm Ethernet
Engineers Bob Metcalfe thiab DR. Boggs tsim Ethernet pib thaum xyoo 1972. Cov qauv kev lag luam raws li lawv txoj haujlwm tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980 raws li IEEE (Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Hluav Taws Xob thiab Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob) 802.3 txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Ethernet specifications txhais cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau theem qis thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yuav tsum paub los tsim Ethernet cov khoom xws li phaib thiab cables.
Ethernet thev naus laus zis tau hloov zuj zus thiab loj hlob nyob rau xyoo txij li. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem tso siab rau cov khoom lag luam tawm ntawm Ethernet los ua haujlwm raws li tsim thiab ua haujlwm nrog ib leeg.
Ethernet Technology
Ib txwm Ethernet txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 megabits ib ob (Mbps). Raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov tes hauj lwm tau nce ntxiv nyob rau lub sijhawm, kev lag luam tsim cov ntsiab lus Ethernet ntxiv rau Fast Ethernet thiab Gigabit Ethernet.
Ceev Ethernet txuas ib txwm Ethernet kev ua tau zoo txog 100 Mbps, thiab Gigabit Ethernet, txog 1,000 Mbps. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj rau cov neeg siv khoom nruab nrab, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10, 000 Mbps) tam sim no muaj zog rau cov tes hauj lwm ntawm qee cov lag luam, cov chaw zov me nyuam, thiab Internet2 qhov chaw. Feem ntau, txawm li cas los xij, cov nuj nqis txwv nws txoj kev txais yuav dav.
Ethernet cables ib yam nkaus yog tsim los rau ib qho ntawm ob peb tus qauv tshwj xeeb. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws Ethernet cable hauv kev siv, Qeb 5 (CAT5 cable) txhawb nqa ob qho tib si thiab ceev Ethernet. Qeb 5e (CAT5e) thiab CAT6 cables txhawb Gigabit Ethernet.
Txuas txuas Ethernet cable rau lub computer (lossis lwm yam khoom siv hauv network), ntsaws ib lub cable rau hauv lub cuab yeej Ethernet chaw nres nkoj. Qee cov khoom siv tsis muaj Ethernet txhawb nqa tuaj yeem txhawb Ethernet kev sib txuas siv dongles xws li USB-rau-Ethernet adapters. Ethernet cables siv cov khoom sib txuas uas zoo li RJ-45 txuas siv nrog cov xov tooj ib txwm muaj.
Hauv OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) qauv, Ethernet thev naus laus zis ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuas cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - Txheej Ib thiab Ob, raws li. Ethernet txhawb nqa txhua lub network nrov thiab cov txheej txheem siab dua, feem ntau TCP / IP.
Type of Ethernet
Feem ntau hu ua Thicknet, 10Base5 yog thawj incarnation ntawm Ethernet thev naus laus zis. Kev lag luam siv Thicknet hauv xyoo 1980s txog 10Base2 Thinnet tshwm sim. Muab piv rau Thicknet, Thinnet muab qhov zoo dua ntawm thinner (5 millimeters vs. 10 millimeters) thiab hloov tau yooj yim dua, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau xaim chaw ua haujlwm rau Ethernet.
Daim ntawv feem ntau ntawm Ethernet ib txwm muaj, txawm li cas los xij, yog 10Base-T. Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua li Thicknet lossis Thinnet vim tias 10Base-T cables siv cov khoom siv tsis sib xws (UTP) txuas tsis yog coaxial. 10Base-T kuj tseem raug nqi ntau dua li lwm yam xws li fiber ntau optic cabling.
Lwm cov qauv tsis paub Ethernet muaj nyob, suav nrog 10Base-FL, 10Base-FB, thiab 10Base-FP rau fiber ntau optic tes hauj lwm thiab 10Broad36 rau broadband (cable TV) cabling. Ceev ceev thiab Gigabit Ethernet tau ua tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, suav nrog 10Base-T, tsis siv.
Ntau Txog Ceev Ethernet
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1990s, Fast Ethernet thev naus laus zis tau loj hlob thiab ua tau raws li nws cov hom phiaj tsim los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm Ethernet ib txwm muaj thaum zam qhov xav tau kom rov xa cov xov tooj Ethernet uas twb muaj lawm.
Ceev Ethernet los ntawm ob hom loj:
- 100Base-T (siv unshielded twisted khub cable)
- 100Base-FX (siv fiber ntau optic cable)
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog 100Base-T, tus qauv uas suav nrog 100Base-TX (Qeb 5 UTP), 100Base-T2 (Qeb 3 lossis zoo dua UTP), thiab 100Base-T4 (100Base-T2 cabling hloov kho kom suav nrog ob cov hlua txuas ntxiv).
kab hauv qab
Thaum ceev Ethernet txhim kho ib txwm Ethernet los ntawm 10-Megabit mus rau 100-Megabit ceev, Gigabit Ethernet txhim kho raws li Fast Ethernet los ntawm kev muab ceev ntawm 1,000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet tau ua thawj zaug taug kev hla kev kho qhov muag thiab tooj liab, tab sis tus qauv 1000Base-T txhawb nqa nws thiab. 1000Base-T siv Qeb 5 cabling zoo ib yam li 100 Mbps Ethernet, txawm hais tias ua tiav gigabit-ceev yuav tsum tau siv cov hlua txuas ntxiv.
Ethernet Topologies thiab Cov Cai
Ib txwm Ethernet ntiav cov tsheb npav topology, txhais tau tias txhua yam khoom siv lossis cov tswv hauv lub network siv tib txoj kab sib txuas. Txhua lub cuab yeej muaj qhov chaw nyob Ethernet, tseem hu ua MAC chaw nyob. Kev xa cov cuab yeej siv Ethernet chaw nyob los qhia cov neeg tau txais cov lus xav.
Cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau Ethernet muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv thav ntawv. Ib qho Ethernet thav duab muaj cov header, cov ntaub ntawv seem, thiab cov footer nrog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntev tsis pub ntau tshaj 1,518 bytes. Ethernet header muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm ob tus neeg tau txais thiab tus xa.
Cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm hauv Ethernet tau txais kev tshaj tawm rau txhua yam khoom siv hauv lub network. Los ntawm kev sib piv qhov chaw nyob Ethernet tiv thaiv qhov chaw nyob hauv tus ncej header, txhua lub cuab yeej Ethernet sim txhua tus ncej los txiav txim siab seb nws puas tsim nyog rau nws thiab nyeem lossis pov tseg cov ncej raws li qhov tsim nyog. Network adapters suav nrog cov haujlwm no rau hauv lawv cov khoom kho vajtse.
Cov khoom siv uas xav xa tawm ntawm Ethernet network ua ntej ua qhov kev kuaj ua ntej los txiav txim siab seb qhov nruab nrab puas muaj lossis yog tias muaj kev sib kis. Yog tias muaj Ethernet, cov khoom xa tuaj mus rau cov xaim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias ob lub cuab yeej yuav ua qhov kev sim no nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thiab ob qho tib si xa tawm ib txhij.
Los ntawm kev tsim, raws li kev sib pauv ua haujlwm, tus qauv Ethernet tsis tiv thaiv ntau yam kev sib kis. Cov kev sib tsoo no, thaum lawv tshwm sim, ua rau ob qho tib si sib kis tsis tau thiab xav tau ob qho tib si xa khoom rov qab. Ethernet siv lub algorithm raws li lub sijhawm ncua sij hawm los txiav txim siab lub sijhawm tos kom zoo ntawm kev xa rov qab. Lub network adapter kuj siv cov algorithm no.
Hauv Ethernet ib txwm muaj, cov txheej txheem no rau kev tshaj tawm, mloog, thiab kuaj pom kev sib tsoo yog hu ua CSMA / CD (cov neeg nqa khoom nkag siab ntau qhov kev nkag / kev sib tsoo). Qee cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm Ethernet tsis siv CSMA/CD. Hloov chaw, lawv siv tag nrho-duplex Ethernet raws tu qauv, uas txhawb nqa point-to-point ib txhij xa thiab tau txais yam tsis xav mloog.
Ntau Txog Ethernet Devices
Ethernet cables raug txwv nyob rau hauv lawv ncav cuag, thiab cov kev ncua deb (tsawg li 100 meters) tsis txaus los them rau nruab nrab thiab loj network installation. Ib tug repeater nyob rau hauv Ethernet networking tso cai rau ntau lub cables los koom thiab ntau dua nyob rau hauv spanned. Ib lub cuab yeej txuas txuas tuaj yeem koom nrog Ethernet mus rau lwm lub network ntawm lwm hom, xws li wireless network. Ib hom nrov nrov ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua yog Ethernet hub. Lwm yam khoom siv qee zaum tsis meej pem nrog hubs yog keyboards thiab routers.
Ethernet network adapters kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Cov khoos phis tawj thiab game consoles muaj cov khoom siv hauv Ethernet. USB-rau-Ethernet adapters thiab wireless Ethernet adapters kuj tuaj yeem teeb tsa ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam khoom siv.
Summary
Ethernet yog ib qho ntawm internet cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias nws muaj hnub nyoog, Ethernet tseem muaj zog rau ntau lub ntiaj teb hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam network thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau yav tom ntej rau kev sib txuas ua haujlwm siab.
